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Objective To investigate Fos expression in rat lumbarsacral spinal cord and medulla oblongata induced by chronic colonic inflammation. Methods Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group: colonic inflammation was induced in seventeen rats by intraluminal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS); control group: saline was administered intraluminally in sixteen rats; After 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of administration, lumbarsacral spinal cord and medulla oblongata were removed and processed for Fos immunohistochemistry. Results Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-IR) neurons induced by TNBS administration were primarily distributed in deep laminae (laminae Ⅲ-Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ) in the spinal dorsal horn and in medullary visceral zone (MVZ) in the medulla oblongata. The number of Fos-IR cells in the spinal cord and MVZ in rats after 7 and 14 days of TNBS administration were significantly higher than that in the control rats (P