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实在论和各种牌号的反实在论——如唯心论、唯名论、工具主义、相对主义、非实在主义——之间争论的关键问题是:世界、真理、共相这些东西怎么可能一方面独立于我们而存在,另一方面却又能够为我们所知晓。争论聚焦于:我们关于世界的知识到底有多少是来自世界的,又有多少是来自于我们自身的,如何在发现与建构之间画一条明确的分界线。天真实在论注重形而上学与认识论的整合,以及独立性与认知可通达性之间的平衡,恰好占据了严格的实在论与松散的相对主义之间可供立足的中间地带。
The key question that debates between realism and various anti-realist theories, such as idealism, nominalism, instrumentalism, relativism, and non-realism, is: how could the world, the truth, and the commonality be possible? Aspects exist independently of us, but on the other hand we know for ourselves. The debate focused on how much of our knowledge of the world comes from the world and how much comes from ourselves and how to draw a clear dividing line between discovery and construction. Naive realism pays attention to the balance between metaphysics and epistemology and the balance between independence and cognitive accessibility, occupying just the middle ground between stricter realism and loose relativism.