动物实验发现全身麻醉剂可引起发育期大脑神经元广泛凋亡和长期神经认知功能障碍。内源性及外源性凋亡途径均参与麻醉药物引起的细胞凋亡,而信号传导机制尚不明确,某些药物可能减轻麻醉引起的神经细胞凋亡。然而全麻药物神经毒性作用的临床研究证据尚不充分,尚需进一步多中心、大样本人类研究的支持。 Animal experiments found that general anesthetics can cause the development of cerebral neurons in a wide range of apoptosis and long-term neurocognitive dysfunction. Both endogenous and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in the apoptosis caused by anesthetic drugs, and the mechanism of signal transduction is not clear. Some drugs may reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells caused by anesthesia. However, the evidence of clinical research on the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics is not yet sufficient and further support for multicenter and large sample human studies is needed.