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黑农48是黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所选育的高蛋白大豆品种,具有高产、抗旱、抗病等特点,深受农民的欢迎,目前在市场占有较大份额。通过对其亲本进行追溯,建立系谱树,分析其亲本的遗传来源及核遗传贡献率,以期为高蛋白大豆育种亲本选择以及选配高蛋白组合提供参考。结果表明:黑农48的细胞质传递过程是:四粒黄→黄宝珠→满仓金→绥农3号→绥农4号→黑农40→黑农48。细胞核传递是由金元、四粒黄、白眉、平地黄、克山四粒荚、十胜长叶、永丰豆、佳木斯突荚子、熊岳小黄豆、通州小黄豆、小粒黄、Amsoy、Anoka、柳叶齐和东农20这15个祖先亲本提供,细胞核遗传贡献率分别是:7.04%、7.04%、5.08%、7.03%、5.47%、12.50%、7.04%、1.95%、2.34%、3.13%、1.56%、6.25%、6.25%、1.56%和0.78%。研究结果表明在选择育种亲本时,应以适应当地气候条件的具有广适性的主栽高蛋白品种为母本,以融入地理远缘基因和生态远缘基因的材料为父本。
Heinong 48 is a high-protein soybean variety bred by Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has the characteristics of high yield, drought resistance and disease resistance. It is welcomed by peasants and occupies a large share in the market. By tracing its parents and establishing pedigree tree, the genetic sources and nuclear genetic contribution rate of their parents were analyzed in order to provide references for selection of high protein soybean breeding parents and selection of high protein combinations. The results showed that the process of cytoplasmic transmission of Heinong 48 was: four yellow → Huang Baozhu → Mancangjin → Suinong 3 → Suinong 4 → Heinong 40 → Heinong 48. The nucleus is transferred from Jinyuan, four yellow, white eyebrow, flat yellow, Keshan four pods, ten wins long leaves, Yongfeng beans, Jiamusi sudden Podocarp, Xiong Yue small yellow beans, Tongzhou small yellow beans, Anoka, Willow Qi and Dongnong 20 were provided by these 15 ancestral parents. The contribution rates of nuclear inheritance were 7.04%, 7.04%, 5.08%, 7.03%, 5.47%, 12.50%, 7.04%, 1.95%, 2.34% 3.13%, 1.56%, 6.25%, 6.25%, 1.56% and 0.78%. The results showed that the selection of breeding parents, should be adapted to local climatic conditions with wide adaptability of the host high-protein varieties as the female parent, into the geographical distant genes and eco-distant genes as the male parent.