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鉴于地震数据不连续性检测的重要性,本文提出了一种保持和检测地震图像不连续性(如:岩层,断层,河道等)的方法.通常在图象不连续的地方,象素值会有较大的差异,文中用4×4的方向模板计算目标点周围六个方向上的差值,当最大差值超过某个门限值时,则可认为该点为不连续点,由此来检测地震图像的不连续性.由于包含重要信息的区域受噪声的影响通常比其他地方严重,而且基于差值的不连续性检测算法对噪声较为敏感,所以在不连续性检测之前降低地震图像的噪声是很重要的.普通的平滑去噪方法会造成边缘模糊,不利于不连续性检测.本文采用旋转模板的非线性平滑方法,用四个六边形和一个八边形模板在目标像素周围旋转,用与目标像素标准差最小(最同类)的模板内那些点的均值代替目标像素的值,从而实现对地震图象的保边缘平滑去噪处理.理论模型和实际数据处理结果表明:与Y.Luo等人提出的保边缘平滑方法相比,本文的保边缘平滑处理方法提高了计算效率和峰值信噪比;将文中提出的保边缘平滑方法和基于方向模板的不连续性检测方法结合使用,得到的不连续性检测结果比直接检测更清晰.地震数据解释人员可根据检测到的不连续性来识别断层、岩层、河道等.
In view of the importance of seismic data discontinuity detection, a method of preserving and detecting seismic image discontinuities (such as rock formations, faults, rivers, etc.) is proposed in this paper. Usually, where the image is not continuous, the pixel values There is a big difference. In this paper, a 4 × 4 direction template is used to calculate the difference in the six directions around the target point. When the maximum difference exceeds a certain threshold value, the point can be regarded as a discontinuous point, thus To detect the discontinuity of the seismic image Since the area containing important information is generally more affected by noise than other places and the difference based discontinuity detection algorithm is more noise sensitive, the seismic image is reduced before the discontinuity detection Of the noise is very important.Normally smooth denoising method will cause the edge of the fuzzy, is not conducive to the detection of discontinuity.In this paper, the non-linear smoothing rotation template method, with four hexagons and an octagonal template in the target pixel Around the rotation, the target pixels with the smallest standard deviation (the most homogeneous) of those points in the mean value of the target pixel instead of the value of the image in order to achieve the edge of the security image smoothing and denoising. Theoretical model and the actual The data processing results show that compared with the edge preserving smoothing method proposed by Y. Luo et al., The edge preserving smoothing method in this paper improves the computational efficiency and the peak signal-noise ratio. The proposed edge preserving smoothing method and the directional template-based Discontinuities test methods combine to provide more consistent results than discontinuities, and seismic data interpreters can identify faults, formations, channels, etc. based on the detected discontinuities.