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目的了解新疆地区13~18岁维、哈、柯等三个少数民族中学生的生长发育状况及之间存在的差异和原因,为改善新疆少数民族中学生体质健康水平提供科学依据。方法通过文献资料、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法,利用新疆地区1985年和2010年13~18岁少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的数据,对该地区维、哈、柯等三个少数民族学生的身体形态发育状况作25年的动态观察、对比和分析。结果近25年间,新疆13~18岁维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身高、体重、胸围平均增长值基本保持增长(除了维女生身高,维、柯男生胸围指标外),平均增长值分别为:维男生3.3cm、3.9kg、-0.5cm,维女生-0.2cm、0.9kg、4.2cm;哈男生6.1cm、4.8kg、1.7cm,哈女生4cm、4.1kg、2.6cm;柯男生4.8cm、3.6kg、-0.5cm,柯女生3cm、3.3kg、0.4cm。维、哈、柯等少数民族学生的身体形态发育各有差异,总体水平:哈男、女生的身体形态发育水平优于维、柯男、女生,柯男、女生的优于维男、女生,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~0.001)。结论近25年间,新疆维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身体形态发育各有差异,身体形态发展不平衡,其原因是多方面的,除了遗传、历史、自然环境、学校、家庭、社会等因素外,最主要与新疆经济发展区域间存在不均衡性有关。
Objective To understand the differences and causes of the growth and development among three minority ethnic minorities aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, such as Victoria, Kazakhstan and Ke, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the constitutional health of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang. Methods By means of literature, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and other research methods, the data obtained from the physical health survey of minority students aged 13-18 in Xinjiang in 1985 and 2010 were used to analyze the differences between the three ethnic minorities Students 25 years of physical development status for dynamic observation, comparison and analysis. Results In the recent 25 years, the mean growth of height, weight and bust of middle school students from 13 to 18 years old in Xinjiang, such as Victoria, Kazakhstan and Ke, basically kept increasing (except the height of the girl, the bust index of Victoria and Ke boys), the average growth value respectively As follows: dimensional boys 3.3cm, 3.9kg, -0.5cm, dimension girls -0.2cm, 0.9kg, 4.2cm; Kazakh boys 6.1cm, 4.8kg, 1.7cm, Kazakhstan girls 4cm, 4.1kg, 2.6cm; cm, 3.6kg, -0.5cm, Ke girls 3cm, 3.3kg, 0.4cm. The body shape of pupils of ethnic minorities such as Victoria, Kazakhstan and Ke also differed from each other. The overall level of body shape development of Kazakh boys and girls was superior to Victoria boys, girls, Ke men and girls, And the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ~ 0.001). Conclusions In the recent 25 years, there have been differences in body shape and development among the ethnic minorities in Xinjiang such as Victoria, Kazakhstan and Ke. There are many reasons for the unbalanced development of their body shape. There are many reasons for this. In addition to the genetic, historical and natural environments, schools, families and the society Factors, the most important and the uneven development of economic development in Xinjiang region.