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本次论坛举行的同时,世界经济正在经历巨大波动,使促进经济在近些年高速增长的前提和做法受到了挑战。事实上,几家处于世界领导地位的美国金融机构的陡然崩溃,并迅速蔓延,且伴随着经济形势和经济前景的急剧恶化,这震惊了各国领导人,并使他们意识到这不仅仅是循环型的经济衰退,而是一个根本性的打击,几乎使经济和金融体系处于崩溃的边缘,而这一体系我们曾认为是理所当然的。政府和专家并没有预见到这个危机,他们的反应只能是对经济进行空前强度的干预,这也许暂时缓解了压力,但我们并不知道这是否能把我们从这种导致全球衰退的危机中解救出来。
中国经济的实力、适应力和整体良好的管理将降低经济危机对中国的影响。但正如我们已经看到的,中国对这场危机也不是免疫的,尤其是主要依赖出口的地区和部门已经在受到影响,并且不会很快从危机中得到恢复,尽管政府已经采取了措施以期摆脱困境和保持社会稳定。
中国领导人坚定地表示,中国将以科学发展观为引导走可持续发展的道路,建设和谐社会。这场危机无疑影响了外国专家在帮助中国建设和谐社会和帮助受影响地区恢复经济发展的过程中发挥作用的方式。当然,在一些特殊情况下,专家的经验、技术仍然是必须的,且应用时必须对所需解决问题与更高一级系统之间的有机关系有深刻的理解。
如果想达到积极的效果,充分理解某些具体因素与同一系统内其他因素之间的相互影响、因果关系是最基础的。中国专家在很多领域也拥有丰富的经验和智慧,相比外国专家,他们可能毫不逊色,甚至有所超越。我相信中国专家也应该加入专家团队,这样中外专家既共同发挥作用又相互受益,这至关重要。在大多数情况下,外国专家的价值在于架起了中外专家之间的桥梁。而今,任何一个国家都无法独自解决自身面临的问题,这次全球性的危机将使国家内部、国家之间的合作达到史无前例的水平。
社会需要一个有效的国际体系来监管资本流动和那些掌握大规模资本流动的金融机构,这种需求因为美国的金融危机及其全球影响而被重视。美国几大金融机构的破产、美国经济及其货币的走弱无疑都削弱了美国在全球经济中的领导地位。尽管美国的角色可能被重新树立,但它将无法抵达曾经的至高顶峰。美国将和中国、日本、印度等国家和地区共享在全球经济和金融体系中的领导力。美国危机也凸现了这一事实:国际经济和金融的中心正在转移到亚洲,而这场危机将加速这一过程。
尽管社会主义、资本主义的支持者仍在强调意识形态的差别,但社会主义国家正在迈向市场经济,美国这一头号资本主义强国正在寻求社会主义的方法来应对这场危机,淡化了双方意识形态的差异。非常具有讽刺意义的就是:美国正被迫接管大型私有企业,甚至是使之国有化,而中国这一世界主要社会主义大国,正致力于推进国有企业的私有化进程,以通过走以科学发展观引导的社会主义市场经济道路实现和谐发展。
通过以上观点,我希望与大家共享我的想法,在向新世界经济格局转变过程中,中国将起到关键的领导作用,这一新格局将包括向可持续社会转型所需的因素。这一可持续发展道路以科学发展观为引导,致力于实现惠及全体人民的和谐社会,中国领导人如此允诺。这样,中国将对未来这个更和平、平等、可持续的新世界作出独有的、不可或缺的贡献,而这个新世界将在目前这场危机中诞生。
(莫里斯·斯特朗,曾8次担任联合国副秘书长,并担任联合国环境开发署首任执行官。本文编译自斯特朗先生为2008中国国际人才交流大会“国际人才高峰论坛”准备的发言稿,他因故未能到会发言。)
This Forum comes at a time of cataclysmic tumult in the world economy, which challenges the basic premises and practices which have driven the unprecedented expansion of the economy in recent years. In fact, the precipitous collapse of some of the world抯 leading financial institutions in the United States has spread so rapidly and been accompanied by a severe decline in the economy and its prospects has shocked world leaders into the realization that this is no mere cyclical downturn, but a fundamental shock, verging on collapse to the financial and economic system which we have come to take for granted. Governments and experts who did not foresee this crisis have had to respond to it with an unprecedented degree of direct intervention in the economy and its institutions which may have temporarily eased the pressures but we cannot yet know whether they will save us from the kind of collapse that would trigger a global depression.
The strength, the resilience, and the generally good management of China抯 economy will reduce the impacts of this on China. But as we are already seeing, China will not be immune to them and indeed those sectors and those regions which are especially dependent on foreign exports are already suffering and are not likely to recover quickly though the government is already taking special measures to alleviate the plight of those affected and ensure social stability.
This profound process of change clearly affects the role of foreign experts and the ways they can best contribute to recovery of the affected areas of China抯 economy and the transition to the sustainable pathway, guided by science, to the harmonious society which China抯 leaders have articulated so well. Of course, specialized expertise will still be required in particular instances, and must be applied with a high degree of understanding of the systemic relationships between the particular issue being addressed and the broader system of issues of which it is a part.
An understanding of the interaction and the cause-and-effect relationships between such specific elements and the other elements within this cause-and-effect system is essential if positive results are to be achieved. As China抯 own experts have developed a degree of experience and sophistication which in most areas equals and many surpasses that of foreign experts, I believe it is important that they be integrated within expert teams to which both contribute and from which both benefit. In most instances, the foreign experts will be valuable for the bridge they build between the Chinese and their foreign counterparts. No country today can resolve the challenges it faces in isolation and the current world crisis must give rise to unprecedented levels of cooperation both within and amongst countries.
The need for an effective international regime for surveillance and regulation of capital movements and the financial institutions through which they flow is dramatically underscored by the U. S. financial meltdown and its global impacts. The demise of leading U. S. institutions, the weakness of its economy and its currency have clearly undermined the leading role of the United States in the world economy. Although that role is likely to be rebuilt, it will never achieve the degree of supremacy it previously enjoyed.The United States must now share with the leading countries of this region, notably China, Japan, India, and of course, this country, leadership of the world抯 financial and economic systems.The crisis of the United States underscores the fact that the center of gravity of the world抯 economic and financial systems is moving to Asia and the current crisis will clearly accelerate that process.
Although proponents of both socialism and capitalism continue to stress their ideological differences, in practice these are becoming much less relevant as socialist countries move towards the market economy and even the leading capitalist country, the United States, is resorting to socialist solutions in response to its financial crisis. Indeed it is ironic that as the United States is forced to take ownership or control of major private sector institutions, the world抯 principal socialist country, China, is privatizing many of its state enterprises in implementation of its commitment to harmonious development through a science-guided 揝ocialist Market Economy?
With these remarks, I have tried to share with you my deep belief in the critically, indeed leading, role that China can play in the transition to a new world economic structure which fully integrates into the economy the measures required to make the transition to a sustainable development pathway guided by science which will produce the harmonious society to which its leaders are committed for the benefit of all of its people. In doing so, China will make a distinctive and indispensable contribution to the kind of more peaceful, equitable, sustainable world society which could and should emerge from the current crisis. This most timely and important Forum can point the way.
( Extract of Hon. Maurice F. Strong抯 Speech to the International Talents Summit Forum of the China Conference on International Exchange of Professionals, Shenzhen, China, November 29th, 2008, who didn抰 attend the conference in person for a certain reason.)
中国经济的实力、适应力和整体良好的管理将降低经济危机对中国的影响。但正如我们已经看到的,中国对这场危机也不是免疫的,尤其是主要依赖出口的地区和部门已经在受到影响,并且不会很快从危机中得到恢复,尽管政府已经采取了措施以期摆脱困境和保持社会稳定。
中国领导人坚定地表示,中国将以科学发展观为引导走可持续发展的道路,建设和谐社会。这场危机无疑影响了外国专家在帮助中国建设和谐社会和帮助受影响地区恢复经济发展的过程中发挥作用的方式。当然,在一些特殊情况下,专家的经验、技术仍然是必须的,且应用时必须对所需解决问题与更高一级系统之间的有机关系有深刻的理解。
如果想达到积极的效果,充分理解某些具体因素与同一系统内其他因素之间的相互影响、因果关系是最基础的。中国专家在很多领域也拥有丰富的经验和智慧,相比外国专家,他们可能毫不逊色,甚至有所超越。我相信中国专家也应该加入专家团队,这样中外专家既共同发挥作用又相互受益,这至关重要。在大多数情况下,外国专家的价值在于架起了中外专家之间的桥梁。而今,任何一个国家都无法独自解决自身面临的问题,这次全球性的危机将使国家内部、国家之间的合作达到史无前例的水平。
社会需要一个有效的国际体系来监管资本流动和那些掌握大规模资本流动的金融机构,这种需求因为美国的金融危机及其全球影响而被重视。美国几大金融机构的破产、美国经济及其货币的走弱无疑都削弱了美国在全球经济中的领导地位。尽管美国的角色可能被重新树立,但它将无法抵达曾经的至高顶峰。美国将和中国、日本、印度等国家和地区共享在全球经济和金融体系中的领导力。美国危机也凸现了这一事实:国际经济和金融的中心正在转移到亚洲,而这场危机将加速这一过程。
尽管社会主义、资本主义的支持者仍在强调意识形态的差别,但社会主义国家正在迈向市场经济,美国这一头号资本主义强国正在寻求社会主义的方法来应对这场危机,淡化了双方意识形态的差异。非常具有讽刺意义的就是:美国正被迫接管大型私有企业,甚至是使之国有化,而中国这一世界主要社会主义大国,正致力于推进国有企业的私有化进程,以通过走以科学发展观引导的社会主义市场经济道路实现和谐发展。
通过以上观点,我希望与大家共享我的想法,在向新世界经济格局转变过程中,中国将起到关键的领导作用,这一新格局将包括向可持续社会转型所需的因素。这一可持续发展道路以科学发展观为引导,致力于实现惠及全体人民的和谐社会,中国领导人如此允诺。这样,中国将对未来这个更和平、平等、可持续的新世界作出独有的、不可或缺的贡献,而这个新世界将在目前这场危机中诞生。
(莫里斯·斯特朗,曾8次担任联合国副秘书长,并担任联合国环境开发署首任执行官。本文编译自斯特朗先生为2008中国国际人才交流大会“国际人才高峰论坛”准备的发言稿,他因故未能到会发言。)
This Forum comes at a time of cataclysmic tumult in the world economy, which challenges the basic premises and practices which have driven the unprecedented expansion of the economy in recent years. In fact, the precipitous collapse of some of the world抯 leading financial institutions in the United States has spread so rapidly and been accompanied by a severe decline in the economy and its prospects has shocked world leaders into the realization that this is no mere cyclical downturn, but a fundamental shock, verging on collapse to the financial and economic system which we have come to take for granted. Governments and experts who did not foresee this crisis have had to respond to it with an unprecedented degree of direct intervention in the economy and its institutions which may have temporarily eased the pressures but we cannot yet know whether they will save us from the kind of collapse that would trigger a global depression.
The strength, the resilience, and the generally good management of China抯 economy will reduce the impacts of this on China. But as we are already seeing, China will not be immune to them and indeed those sectors and those regions which are especially dependent on foreign exports are already suffering and are not likely to recover quickly though the government is already taking special measures to alleviate the plight of those affected and ensure social stability.
This profound process of change clearly affects the role of foreign experts and the ways they can best contribute to recovery of the affected areas of China抯 economy and the transition to the sustainable pathway, guided by science, to the harmonious society which China抯 leaders have articulated so well. Of course, specialized expertise will still be required in particular instances, and must be applied with a high degree of understanding of the systemic relationships between the particular issue being addressed and the broader system of issues of which it is a part.
An understanding of the interaction and the cause-and-effect relationships between such specific elements and the other elements within this cause-and-effect system is essential if positive results are to be achieved. As China抯 own experts have developed a degree of experience and sophistication which in most areas equals and many surpasses that of foreign experts, I believe it is important that they be integrated within expert teams to which both contribute and from which both benefit. In most instances, the foreign experts will be valuable for the bridge they build between the Chinese and their foreign counterparts. No country today can resolve the challenges it faces in isolation and the current world crisis must give rise to unprecedented levels of cooperation both within and amongst countries.
The need for an effective international regime for surveillance and regulation of capital movements and the financial institutions through which they flow is dramatically underscored by the U. S. financial meltdown and its global impacts. The demise of leading U. S. institutions, the weakness of its economy and its currency have clearly undermined the leading role of the United States in the world economy. Although that role is likely to be rebuilt, it will never achieve the degree of supremacy it previously enjoyed.The United States must now share with the leading countries of this region, notably China, Japan, India, and of course, this country, leadership of the world抯 financial and economic systems.The crisis of the United States underscores the fact that the center of gravity of the world抯 economic and financial systems is moving to Asia and the current crisis will clearly accelerate that process.
Although proponents of both socialism and capitalism continue to stress their ideological differences, in practice these are becoming much less relevant as socialist countries move towards the market economy and even the leading capitalist country, the United States, is resorting to socialist solutions in response to its financial crisis. Indeed it is ironic that as the United States is forced to take ownership or control of major private sector institutions, the world抯 principal socialist country, China, is privatizing many of its state enterprises in implementation of its commitment to harmonious development through a science-guided 揝ocialist Market Economy?
With these remarks, I have tried to share with you my deep belief in the critically, indeed leading, role that China can play in the transition to a new world economic structure which fully integrates into the economy the measures required to make the transition to a sustainable development pathway guided by science which will produce the harmonious society to which its leaders are committed for the benefit of all of its people. In doing so, China will make a distinctive and indispensable contribution to the kind of more peaceful, equitable, sustainable world society which could and should emerge from the current crisis. This most timely and important Forum can point the way.
( Extract of Hon. Maurice F. Strong抯 Speech to the International Talents Summit Forum of the China Conference on International Exchange of Professionals, Shenzhen, China, November 29th, 2008, who didn抰 attend the conference in person for a certain reason.)