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跨国公司是一个在多个国家里拥有和控制资产的实体。自从19世纪早期英国和荷兰给以特权公司殖民地贸易垄断以来,跨国公司在世界经济中一直扮演着十分重要的角色。当贸易性公司在19世纪中后期逐渐减少时,欧洲在采掘、纺织和后来的石油工业方面的海外投资有了补偿性的增长。现代跨国公司的型式是一种比较新近的现象,它增长的原动力来自第2次世界大战的先进技术,使之为世界市场生产消费品寻找到机会。所以,普遍兴起的跨国公司,到二战以后才成为世界经济发展引人注目的现象。它在很大程度上改变了原有国际经济关系格局,已愈来愈被世界各国所关注。其重要性正如1973年美国关税委员会所说的:“毋庸争议,跨国公司经营的发展,可以与蒸汽机、电子与汽车发展一样,被列为现代经济的重大事
Multinational corporations are entities that own and control assets in multiple countries. Since the early 1800s when the United Kingdom and the Netherlands monopolized the colonial trade of privileged companies, multinational corporations have played a very important role in the world economy. As tradable companies gradually declined in the mid-to-late 19th century, Europe’s overseas investment in extractive, textile and later petroleum industries compensated. The type of modern multinational corporations is a relatively recent phenomenon. The driving force for its growth comes from the advanced technologies of World War II, making it an opportunity to produce consumer products for world markets. Therefore, the general rise of multinational corporations did not become a noticeable phenomenon in the world economic development after World War II. It has largely changed the original pattern of international economic relations and has drawn increasing attention from all countries in the world. Its Importance As the U.S. Customs Commission said in 1973, "It goes without saying that the development of a multinational corporation can be listed as a major event in the modern economy, just as the development of steam engines, electronics and automobiles.