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油气生成后发生运移,在途经的围岩环境中发生流—岩相互作用而损耗,以及分散于地下或暴露地表而损失,这一过程即为油气耗散。油气耗散主要特点为流—岩地质作用,在这一过程中将产生系列成岩蚀变,如氧化砂岩的绿色化、白色化,以及局部碳酸盐化等;导致一些成矿效应,如铀矿化、高岭土化等。从而在沉积盆地中构成有机与无机、金属与非金属矿产同存共荣于一盆,此即为沉积盆地成藏(矿)系统。因而油气耗散作用内容属于交叉学科方向,目前仅在鄂尔多斯盆地得到初步研究。在油气耗散成岩及成矿作用过程中,部分微量元素、有机地球化学参数、以及碳、氢、氧、硫、硅等稳定同位素可表现出一定的标志性特征。这在目前“油气—铀溶液—砂岩”相互作用模拟实验中也已得到初步的证实。当前,沉积盆地中油气耗散方向与规模、成岩与成矿效应的地球化学作用机理、有机—无机(如烃源岩—铀等无机元素)作用效应及对相关资源评价的影响、多种能源综合协同预测与勘探等方面是未来油气耗散作用学科领域的主要发展方向。
Occurrence of hydrocarbon migration occurs, in the surrounding rock through the flow of rock-rock interaction occurs loss, and scattered in the ground or exposed surface loss, the process is the oil and gas dissipation. The main characteristic of oil and gas dissipation is flow-rock geology. During this process, a series of diagenetic alterations will occur, such as the greening and whiteening of the oxidized sandstone, as well as the local carbonation. Some metallogenic effects such as uranium Mineralization, kaolin and so on. Thus forming organic and inorganic in sedimentary basins. The coexistence of metallic and nonmetallic minerals coexist in a basin, which is the reservoir forming (ore) system in the sedimentary basin. Therefore, the content of oil and gas dissipation belongs to the interdisciplinary direction, so far it has been only studied in the Ordos Basin. Some trace elements, organic geochemical parameters, and stable isotopes such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and silicon can exhibit certain characteristics in the process of hydrocarbon diagenesis and mineralization. This has been tentatively confirmed in the current “oil-gas-uranium solution-sandstone” interaction simulation experiment. At present, the direction and scale of oil and gas dissipation in sedimentary basins, the geochemical mechanism of diagenesis and mineralization, the effect of organic-inorganic (such as inorganic elements such as source rock and uranium) and the impact on related resources evaluation, Comprehensive collaborative prediction and exploration and other aspects of the future is the main area of development of the field of hydrocarbon dissipation.