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目的了解杭州市中小学生营养相关健康问题流行现状和特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法本研究按照2010年全国学生体质健康调研要求进行抽样,现场检测学生共3 743名,筛查学生生长迟滞、消瘦、超重、肥胖和贫血情况。用Excel和SPSS 15.0统计软件作统计学处理,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果杭州市城乡学生营养不良检出率为5.64%,低于2005年全国同类地区水平(P<0.05);农村学生超重和肥胖检出率分别为12.25%和8.09%,高于2005年全国沿海富裕农村水平(P<0.01);城乡学生贫血平均检出率为18.89%,边缘性贫血占87.35%,边缘性贫血构成比高于2005年全国学生体质调研同类地区水平。结论相对于营养不良,杭州学生的营养过剩和营养不均衡情况更为明显,尤其是乡村学生。应采取加强营养教育,同时突出铁营养教育,科学合理调整膳食的综合干预措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of nutrition-related health problems among primary and secondary school students in Hangzhou and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods According to the 2010 National Student Health Survey, a total of 3 743 students were tested on the spot to screen students for growth retardation, weight loss, overweight, obesity and anemia. Using Excel and SPSS 15.0 statistical software for statistical analysis, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The detection rate of malnutrition among urban and rural students in Hangzhou was 5.64%, which was lower than that of similar regions in China in 2005 (P <0.05). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in rural students were 12.25% and 8.09% respectively, higher than those in 2005 (P <0.01). The average detection rate of anemia in urban and rural areas was 18.89%, the incidence of marginal anemia was 87.35%, the constituent ratio of marginal anemia was higher than that of similar regions in 2005. Conclusions Compared with malnutrition, students in Hangzhou have more obvious overnutrition and unequal nutrition, especially for rural students. Should take to strengthen nutrition education, while highlighting iron nutrition education, scientific and reasonable dietary comprehensive interventions.