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1958年中苏军事合作的失败是20世纪50年代影响中苏关系的标志性事件。但若笼统地把这一军事合作的失败归因于国家主权问题,则显武断。本文认为,造成中苏军事合作失败及其中苏关系恶化的根本因素有二:第一,随着中国革命政权的巩固和经济的恢复,中共领导人日益要求摆脱苏联模式的束缚,探寻一条适合中国国情的社会主义发展道路。第二,由于中苏两国处于不同的国际环境和国际地位,以及中苏两党处于历史进程的不同发展阶段,从而导致了两国对国际政治现实截然不同的理解与认识,以及中国革命哲学核心地位的确立和苏联“三和”路线的推行。表现在实践中则是自1957年以来中苏两国在内外政策上的分道扬镳。可以说,这些内在因素又通过赫鲁晓夫在执行对华政策时的不谨慎和毛泽东对主权问题的高度敏感之间形成的巨大反差表现出来。
The failure of Sino-Soviet military cooperation in 1958 was a landmark event that affected Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950s. However, if the failure of this military cooperation is generally attributed to the issue of national sovereignty, then it is arbitrary. This article argues that there are two fundamental causes for the failure of military cooperation between China and the Soviet Union and the deterioration of the Sino-Soviet relations: First, with the consolidation of the Chinese revolutionary government and the restoration of the economy, CPC leaders are increasingly demanding to get rid of the shackles of the Soviet model and find a suitable way for China The socialist development path of our country. Second, given the different international environment and international status of China and the Soviet Union and the different development stages of the two parties in the historical process, the two countries have led to totally different understandings and understandings of the international political realities as well as to China’s revolutionary philosophy The establishment of the core status and the implementation of the Soviet Union’s “three and ” line. In practice, it is the separation of the two countries’ internal and external policies since 1957. It can be said that these internal factors are reflected in the huge contrast between Khrushchov’s cautiousness in implementing the China policy and the high sensitivity of Mao Zedong to the issue of sovereignty.