宋元時期,“來”從概數助詞又進一步發展演化出比況助詞的用法,其典型的組配格式為“N來A”。這一用法在宋元明時期還相對較為活躍,進入清代則開始走向衰落,大致在現代漢語早期退出了歷史的舞臺。致使比況助詞“來”衰落及其消亡的因素是複雜的,內因是“來”的虛化不夠徹底,制約了它組配能力的擴展,外因是随著比況助詞系統的成熟,其他成員逐漸侵佔了“來”的分佈空間,並最終將其擠壓出了這一系統。 During the Song and Yuan dynasties, “来 ” evolved from the use of an adjunct to the adverb. The typical composing format is “N to A ”. This usage was relatively more active during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties and began to decline when it entered the Qing Dynasty. It generally dropped out of the stage of history in the early days of Modern Chinese. The factor that caused the decline and the demise of the “qi” is complicated. The internal cause is that the inflexibility of “qi” is not thorough enough, which restricts the expansion of its ability to organize. The external factor is that as the qi Mature, other members gradually overrun “to ” distribution space, and eventually squeezed out of this system.