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海洋和沿海生物多样性保护和可持续利用等问题是《生物多样性公约》谈判的重要领域。本文梳理了历次缔约方大会的谈判进程,认为主要焦点议题包括:(1)应对人类活动和全球气候变化对海洋和沿海生物多样性的影响;(2)海洋和沿海生物多样性保护和可持续利用的工具;(3)海洋保护区及具有重要生态或生物学意义的海域。这些议题的讨论将影响包括全球海洋保护区建设在内的海洋生物多样性保护进程,也将影响全球海洋生物多样性保护国际制度的建设,以及沿海国家的社会经济。我国应加强履约谈判的技术支持,加快涉海相关问题研究,积极参与相关国际谈判,并大力宣传我国经验。
Issues such as the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biological diversity are important areas for the negotiations on the Convention on Biological Diversity. This paper reviews the negotiation process of previous conferences of the parties and considers the main focus topics include: (1) addressing the impacts of human activities and global climate change on marine and coastal biological diversity; (2) conservation and sustainable marine and coastal biological diversity Utilization of tools; (3) Marine protected areas and areas of great ecological or biological significance. The discussion of these issues will affect the conservation of marine biodiversity, including the development of the global marine protected area, and will also affect the construction of an international international system for the conservation of marine biodiversity and the socio-economic aspects of coastal countries. China should strengthen the technical support for negotiation on compliance, speed up the research on related issues involving the sea, actively participate in relevant international negotiations, and vigorously publicize our experience.