为了使游泳运动员形成比赛的心理准备状态必须采取一些措施。这些措施大致可分为两大类:预先(即距离赛前还有较长时)的措施和直接(即在比赛时)的措施。预先的措施属于运动员一般心理准备,首先是形成高级运动员应具备的个性特性和学习处在赛前不佳状况时的自我调节方法。最好的个性特性应包括:信心、战斗精神、镇 In order for the swimmers to form the psychological state of preparation for the game must take some measures. These measures can be broadly divided into two broad categories: pre-emptive (ie longer before the race) and direct (ie during the race). The preliminary measures belong to the athletes’ general psychological preparation. The first is to form the personality characteristics that advanced athletes should possess and to learn how to adjust themselves when they are in poor conditions. The best personality traits should include: confidence, fighting spirit, town