自从人类认识到近地小行星(NEA)的撞击危险性以来,一直在思考如何减轻和避免小行星撞击地球带来的灾害,并提出了许多应对措施。从不同的角度出发,可以将这些措施分成几种类型。按对撞击者处理方式不同,可分为偏转小行星的轨道和击碎小行星两种方式;按使用的能源不同,可分为动能、电磁能、引力、太阳能以及核能等方式;按接近小行星的方式不同,可分为拦截、轨道交会等方式;根据是否能快速地向目标传递能量,还可以分为直接和间接两种方式。究竟采取何种方式,要根据撞击可能发生的时间、撞击者的大小和轨 Since human beings have realized the impact hazard of near-Earth asteroids (NEA), they have been pondering over how to mitigate and avoid the disasters caused by asteroid impact on the earth and put forward many countermeasures. From a different perspective, these measures can be divided into several types. According to different ways to deal with the impactors, it can be divided into two ways: deflecting the asteroid’s orbit and crushing the asteroid. According to different energy sources, it can be divided into kinetic energy, electromagnetic energy, gravitation, solar energy and nuclear energy; Different ways of the planet can be divided into interception, orbital intersection, etc. According to whether it can quickly transfer energy to the target can also be divided into direct and indirect two ways. What to do, according to the impact may occur time, the size of the impact and rail