稀有金属锂以盐类形式存在于自然界。医学上应用锂已有很久的历史,尤其近二十年来锂在冶金、国防等尖端工业上应用与日俱增,接触锂工人不断增多,有时出现锤中毒,加之动物实验研究积累了不少有关锂的毒理学资料。本文仅就锂的代谢动力学、毒性、毒理作用及其机理作一简述。代谢动力学 1955年Trautner首次研究锂在人体内的动力学。锂在体内不被代谢,因此仅通过吸收、分布和排泄来研究它的毒物动力学。锂经各种途径(胃肠道、皮下、肌肉、腹腔注入)均易被吸收,不与血浆蛋白结合。锂经血流以不同速度进入组织细胞。对肾和脾来说,锂在血清和细胞间能迅速达到平衡;但对 Rare metal lithium exists in the form of salts in nature. Lithium has been used for a long time in medicine. In particular, lithium has been used increasingly in cutting-edge industries such as metallurgy and national defense in the past 20 years. There has been an increasing number of contacts with lithium workers, and sometimes hammer poisoning. In addition, animal experiments have accumulated a lot of toxicities related to lithium Science information. This article only on the lithium kinetics, toxicity, toxicological effects and mechanism of a brief review. Metabolism In 1955, Trautner first studied the kinetics of lithium in the human body. Lithium is not metabolized in the body and therefore its toxicokinetics is studied only by absorption, distribution and excretion. Lithium by a variety of ways (gastrointestinal tract, subcutaneous, muscle, intraperitoneal injection) are easily absorbed, not with plasma protein binding. Lithium passes through the bloodstream at different rates into the tissue cells. For kidney and spleen, lithium quickly reaches equilibrium between serum and cells; but yes