道家以老子与庄子为其代表,有时也加上列子。列子的年代可能早于庄子,但是著作散佚,到了东晋的张湛为其作注,再传于后世。然而,目前所见的《列子》已受魏晋玄学的影响,甚至夹杂了佛教故事。至于思想主旨,则是:人生苦短,死后万事皆休,一切皆为气化,不如及时行乐等。这种悲观厌世之情,显然有违道家意旨,不必在此深究。 Taoism to Lao Tzu and Zhuang Zi as their representatives, and sometimes add Liezi. Lie Zi’s age may be earlier than Chuang Tzu, but the book is lost, to Zhang Zhan in the Eastern Jin for its note, and then passed on to future generations. However, the “Liezi” currently seen has been influenced by Metaphysics of Wei and Jin dynasties and even mixed with Buddhist stories. As for the idea, it is: life is short, everything is off after death, everything is gasification, it is better to enjoy the music in time. Obviously, this pessimistic and unforgiving feeling is contrary to the moral principles of the Taoists, and there is no need to go into any detail here.