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目的调查沈阳市盲校学生龋病、牙周病和错畸形状况,探讨残疾学生患龋相关影响因素,为口腔疾病的综合干预提供基线资料。方法采用第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准和方法,2014年对沈阳市盲校103名6~20岁视力残疾学生进行口腔健康状况临床检查及口腔相关知识和行为习惯的问卷调查,通过logistic回归分析龋病影响因素。结果 103名视力残疾学生患龋率为78.64%,龋均为2.43±2.75;牙龈出血检出率和牙石检出率分别为44.66%和67.96%;49.51%视力残疾学生存在错畸形。女生患龋状况明显比男生严重(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,母亲学历和牙疼经历是龋病的危险因素,使用含氟牙膏刷牙是预防龋病的保护因素。结论视力残疾学生患龋率高,牙周状况较差,错畸形严重,学校应加强对残疾学生的口腔宣教,并采取干预措施预防口腔疾病的发生。
Objective To investigate the status of dental caries, periodontal disease and malformation in blind students in Shenyang city and to explore the influencing factors of dental caries among students with disabilities so as to provide baseline data for the comprehensive intervention of oral diseases. Methods According to the third national oral health epidemiological survey standard and method, in 2014, 103 students with visual disabilities from 6 to 20 years old in Shenyang were investigated for oral health status and oral related knowledge and behavioral habits through questionnaire, Logistic regression analysis of dental caries factors. Results The prevalence of dental caries in 103 visually impaired children was 78.64%, and that of dental caries was 2.43 ± 2.75. The detection rates of gum bleeding and calculus were 44.66% and 67.96%, respectively. 49.51% students with visual disabilities had malformations. The prevalence of caries in girls was significantly higher than that in boys (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal education and toothache experience were the risk factors for dental caries. Brushishing with fluoride toothpaste was a protective factor in the prevention of dental caries. Conclusions Students with visual disabilities have high dental caries rate, poor periodontal status and serious malformations. Schools should strengthen oral education for disabled students and take interventions to prevent the occurrence of oral diseases.