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目的调查产后妇女分娩时相关因素和产后尿失禁发生情况,探讨分娩相关因素与尿失禁(UI)发生的相关性。方法运用孕妇分娩因素调查问卷和国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁标准问卷简表(ICI-Q-SF),对2015年4-9月在该院盆底中心就诊的245例产后妇女进行问卷调查。结果本次调查245例分娩后妇女,回收有效问卷237份,回收有效率为96.7%,发生UI者103例,发生率为43.5%,其中压力性尿失禁(SUI)发生率为76.7%,急迫性尿失禁(UUI)为4.9%,混合性尿失禁(MUI)为18.4%,不同年龄、分娩次数、分娩方式及有无会阴裂伤的分娩后妇女UI发生率组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析分娩后妇女的年龄、分娩次数、分娩方式及分娩时有无会阴裂伤与UI发生具有关联(P<0.05)。结论分娩后女性UI发生率较高,年龄、分娩次数、分娩方式及分娩时有无会阴裂伤是UI发生的独立危险因素,做好保健预防,加强盆底肌功能训练可降低UI率。
Objective To investigate the factors related to childbirth and the incidence of postpartum urinary incontinence in postpartum women and explore the correlation between the factors related to labor and urinary incontinence (UI). Methods A total of 245 postnatal women who visited the pelvic center from April to September in 2015 were surveyed by ICI-Q-SF, using the questionnaire of maternal labor and the International Urinary incontinence Advisory Council urinary incontinence standard questionnaire. Results The survey of 245 women after childbirth, the recovery of valid questionnaires 237, the recovery efficiency was 96.7%, occurred in 103 cases of IUI, the incidence was 43.5%, of which stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was 76.7%, urgency UUI and MUI were 4.9% and 18.4%, respectively. There was significant difference in the incidence of UI among childbirth women with different age, number of deliveries, mode of delivery and presence or absence of perineal laceration (P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the age, number of delivery, mode of delivery and perineal laceration in childbirth after birth. Conclusion The incidence of female UI after delivery is high, and the age, number of deliveries, mode of delivery, and perineal laceration during childbirth are independent risk factors for UI. To prevent health problems and strengthen pelvic floor muscle function training can reduce UI rate.