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众所周知,火灾中物体燃烧能产生大量的一氧化碳、二氧化碳、二氧化硫和氮氧化合物等气体。虽然这些气体可引起呼吸道的炎症和组织缺氧,甚至还会引起窒息死亡,但令人费解的是,火灾死难者中许多人往往都在极短时间内就昏迷过去了,这很难由上述气体中毒来解释。如加拿大某航空班机失事起火,从厕所里涌出一般浓烟,顿时就毒死了24人。究竟什么毒物如此迅速地致人于死地呢?后经化学、医学、环境科学家和消防安全专家的联合调查,“杀人凶手”主要是氰化氢(即氢氰酸)。实验证明:含氮的高分子化合物,如聚丙烯腈、聚氨腈泡沫塑料制成的沙发,贴面板,贴墙装饰布及各类家具,在燃烧或高温热解时,能产生相当数量的氰化氢气体。在美国的一次大火中,30％的死难者经血液化验为氰基中毒。
It is well known that the combustion of objects in fire can generate a large amount of gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Although these gases can cause respiratory inflammation and tissue hypoxia, and even cause suffocation of death, it is puzzling that many of the victims of the fire often unconscious in a very short period of time, it is difficult to the above Gas poisoning to explain. If an airline flight in Canada caught fire and gushed out general smoke from the toilet, 24 people were immediately poisoned. After all, what poison has killed people so rapidly? After a joint investigation by chemical, medical, environmental scientists and fire safety experts, “murderer” is mainly hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid). Experiments show that: nitrogen compounds, such as polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile foam made of sofas, Tiemian Ban, Zhuangzhuang Zhuangbu and various types of furniture, in the combustion or pyrolysis, can produce a considerable amount of Hydrogen cyanide gas. In a fire in the United States, 30% of the victims were tested for cyanogen by blood tests.