单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病易感基因相关性的研究进展

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近年来,随着经济发展和生活方式的改变,2型糖尿病(T2DM)发病率在我国呈现逐渐升高的趋势。T2DM是一种遗传因素和环境因素共同作用而形成的多基因遗传的复杂性疾病,并以胰岛素分泌受损和(或)胰岛素抵抗为主要的临床特点,其遗传方式属于常染色体多基因隐性遗传,由于异常基因的遗传使后代具有糖尿病易感性。随着单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分析技术的发展以及全基因组关联研究结果的相继报道,至今已发现许多常见基因变异与T2DM 密切相关,但其病因、发病机制未能完全阐明。据统计,目前全球糖尿病患者约3.66亿,估计到2030年将有5.52亿,其中T2DM 至少占95%以上[1],因此利用高效率、高通量、低成本的SNP 分析技术来发现糖尿病易感基因并对其进行相关研究,为T2DM 的早期预测并及时做好防治措施具有非常重要的意义。我们以SNP为线索,将其在T2DM发病机制研究中的应用进展作一综述。
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