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农业机械的过度使用、密集轮作以及不适当管理等都会造成土壤压实。试验研究了拖拉机行走对土壤特性和小麦生长的影响。试验所使用的耕作机械包括轮式、履带式和手扶式三种拖拉机,分析了土壤压实对小麦生长以及土壤结构不连续性的影响。试验数据表明,土壤密度、土壤阻力以及土壤水分一般会随拖拉机行走次数增加而增大。同时,文中给出了小麦根系与秸秆间蕴涵的机理关系。试验数据还表明,小麦发芽率在显著性水平P≤ 0.05时,不同处理组之间无明显差异。但是,2、4、6、8、10、12、18周以及收割时的小麦秸秆高度在显著性水平P≤ 0.01时,各处理组之间却存在显著差异,其中轮式和手扶式拖拉机处理组高于履带式拖拉机处理组。当显著性水平分别为P≤ 0.05和P≤ 0.01时,不同处理组的小麦根长度和密度间也存在显著差异,其中轮式和手扶式拖拉机处理组同样表现出更好的结果。总之,拖拉机行走会显著影响干物质、谷物产量等小麦生长参数。然而,作物产量不仅受土壤压实的影响,同时很大程度上也取决于天气以及土壤初始压实等因素。
Overuse of agricultural machinery, intensive rotation and improper management can all cause soil compaction. The effects of tractor walking on soil properties and wheat growth were studied. Tillage machines used in the experiment included three types of tractors, wheeled, tracked and hand-held, and analyzed the effects of soil compaction on wheat growth and soil structural discontinuities. Experimental data show that soil density, soil resistance and soil moisture generally increase with tractor travel times. At the same time, the paper gives the mechanism of the implication between wheat root and straw. Experimental data also showed that the germination rate of wheat at the significance level P ≤ 0.05, the different treatment groups no significant difference. However, there was a significant difference between the treatment groups at 2,4,6,8,10,12,18 weeks and the height of wheat straw at the time of harvest when P≤0.01, wheelers and walk-behind tractors The treatment group is higher than the crawler tractor treatment group. Significant differences were also observed in the root length and density of wheat between the treatments of P≤0.05 and P≤0.01, respectively, with wheeled and walking tractor-treated groups also showing better results. In short, tractor walking can significantly affect wheat growth parameters such as dry matter, grain yield and the like. However, crop yields are affected not only by soil compaction but also largely by the weather and the initial compaction of the soil.