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西安地区195个瓜类病毒病样的鉴定结果表明,各种瓜类上的病毒为甜瓜花叶病毒(MMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)两种。西葫芦、笋瓜、甜瓜、南瓜以及黄瓜上,以引致花叶的MMV为主(一般占90%以上),其次是黄化皱缩病状的CMV。西瓜只有MMV;冬瓜和丝瓜则为CMV。甜瓜和西葫芦上还分离到CMV的一个新株系,西瓜可以作为以上两种病毒的鉴别寄主。西葫芦病毒在田间主要通过瓜蚜、桃蚜以及菜缢管蚜进行传布,5月中、下旬遇上天旱少雨、气温高时,病害就流行。病株种子不能传毒。对22个西葫芦品种的试验观察,没有免疫和高度抗病的品种,仅邯郸西葫芦和天津25号有一定耐病性。早定植、增施肥料以及正茬种植有减轻发病的作用。药剂治蚜及栽培防病等综合措施的防治效果可达50.7—97.7%,比对照增产32.3—412.1%。早期塑料薄膜覆盖栽培对防治病害有显著效果。
The identification results of 195 melon viruses in Xi’an showed that the melons on various melons were melon mosaic virus (MMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Zucchini, winter squash, melon, pumpkin and cucumber to induce mosaic-type MMV (generally accounting for more than 90%), followed by yellow-wrinkled CMV. Watermelon only MMV; melon and loofah is CMV. Melon and zucchini also isolated a new strain of CMV, watermelon can be used as the identification of the two host viruses. Zucchini virus in the field mainly through the melon aphid, Myzus persicae and Caesalpinia aphid spread, in mid-May, late encounter drought, high temperatures, disease prevalence. Strain can not spread poison seeds. The experimental observation of 22 zucchini varieties, there is no immune and highly resistant varieties, only Handan zucchini and Tianjin 25 have a certain degree of disease resistance. Early planting, increasing fertilization and cropping have the role of alleviating the disease. The control effect of aphids and cultivation and disease prevention and other comprehensive measures was up to 50.7-97.7%, 32.3-412.1% higher than the control. Early plastic film covered cultivation of disease prevention and treatment have a significant effect.