随着20世纪的中国从传统走向现代化，20世纪的中国古典文学研究也完成了一个由传统学术向现代学术演进的过程。如何看待传统文化与现代化的关系，如何站在现代化的立场对传统文学进行新的价值重估，是促进本世纪古典文学研究向前发展的根本动力。在20世纪的中国现代化过程中，以“五四”、建国初、新时期为标志可划分为三个大的历史阶段，相应的古典文学研究，也在这三个阶段分别对传统文学进行了三次大的价值重估。由“五四”时期对传统文学的批判，到新中国成立之后对传统文学的批判继承，再到新时期对文学传统的弘扬。正因为每个阶段对这一问题都有不同的看法，才形成了不同阶段的研究特色，推动了本世纪古典文学研究的向前发展。 With the 20th century China moving from tradition to modernization, the study of Chinese classical literature in the 20th century also completed a process of evolution from traditional academic to modern academic. How to treat the relationship between traditional culture and modernization and how to revalue traditional literature on a new basis from a modern standpoint are the fundamental motives for promoting the development of classical literature in this century. During the course of China’s modernization in the 20th century, “May Fourth Movement”, the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the new period can be divided into three major historical stages and the corresponding studies of classical literature. In the process of these three stages, Three major revaluations were conducted. From the critique of traditional literature during the May 4th Movement to the critical inheritance of traditional literature after the founding of new China and the promotion of literary tradition in the new period. Just because each stage has different views on this issue, it has formed the research features of different stages and promoted the development of classical literature in this century.