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一、研究目的与意义20世纪以来东欧国家由于缺乏西欧那种民族国家政治、经济、文化方面的整合,而一直处于不稳定状态。特殊的地理地形和地缘政治环境使得东欧在历史上一直是东西方控制和争夺的对象,从奥斯曼土耳其帝国到哈布斯堡王朝,从奥匈帝国到沙皇俄国,从纳粹德国到苏联,东欧长期是欧洲历次战争的舞台和冷战的前沿。从国内政治看,考察东欧政党政治的发展史可以看出,在20世纪的一百年中,东欧国家三易政
I. Purpose and Significance of the Study Since the 20th century, Eastern European countries have been in an unstable state due to the lack of political, economic and cultural integration of the ethnic nations in Western Europe. The special geography and geopolitical environment have made Eastern Europe the object of domination and struggle between East and West in history. From the Ottoman Empire to the Habsburgs, from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to Tsarist Russia, from Nazi Germany to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Is the stage of all previous European wars and the front of the cold war. From domestic politics, looking at the history of the development of political parties in Eastern Europe, we can see that during the one hundred years of the 20th century,