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自从盘式制动装置问世以来,铁道车辆制动盘的热疲劳一直是个很棘手的问题。为开发对热冲击负荷有高耐热性能的铸铁制动盘,研制出了3种不同成分的候选材料。铸铁的主要化学成分为铁、碳、硅、锰、镍、铬、钼、铜和铝,并测试了其机械性能和热性能;然后用笔者研制出的热疲劳性能测试仪器进行了热疲劳性能的测试。该仪器可测温度范围为20～1500℃。将φ20mm×80mm的圆柱实心试样通过感应线圈加热,随后在水中冷却。每隔20～30个热循环,用光学显微镜检查被测试样表面的热裂纹。为量化裂纹的总长度,开发了一种能从显微照片上测量裂纹长度的图像分析软件。结果表明:铸铁的疲劳寿命可以通过调整化学成分和金相结构来延长。
Since the advent of disc brakes, the thermal fatigue of the brake discs of railway vehicles has been a thorny issue. In order to develop a cast iron brake disc that has a high heat shock resistance against thermal shock, three different candidate materials have been developed. The main chemical composition of cast iron is iron, carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper and aluminum, and tested its mechanical properties and thermal properties; then developed by the author thermal fatigue performance testing equipment for thermal fatigue properties Test. The instrument can measure the temperature range of 20 ~ 1500 ℃. A solid cylindrical sample of φ20 mm × 80 mm was heated by an induction coil and then cooled in water. Every 20 to 30 thermal cycles, the optical microscope was used to examine the thermal cracks on the surface of the test specimen. To quantify the total length of the crack, an image analysis software was developed that measures the length of the crack from the micrograph. The results show that the fatigue life of cast iron can be extended by adjusting the chemical composition and microstructure.