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目的了解某机械厂噪声作业工人听力下降的情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法对某机械厂454名噪声作业人员的职业健康检查资料结合作业场所噪声监测报告进行统计分析。结果高频听力异常137人,占受检人数的30.18%;听力下降随工龄增加而增高,不同工龄组间高频听力下降率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);听力下降在男女之间存在明显差异(χ2=27.87,P<0.01);工作场所噪声强度与听力下降间有明显的相关性。结论生产性噪声对高频听力有影响,并随噪声作业工龄、工作场所噪声强度的增加,听力下降的危险性也明显增加;不良的生活习惯可增加听力下降的危险性。建议加强个人防护,改善工艺,降低噪声强度,同时应注意改变个人的不良生活习惯,控制噪声聋的发生。
Objective To understand the hearing loss of noise workers in a machinery factory and discuss the influencing factors. Methods The occupational health examination data of 454 noise workers in a mechanical factory were combined with the noise monitoring report of the work place for statistical analysis. Results There were 137 high-frequency hearing abnormalities, accounting for 30.18% of the subjects. The hearing loss decreased with the increase of seniority. The hearing loss rate of different age groups was significantly different (P <0.01) (Χ2 = 27.87, P <0.01). There was a significant correlation between workplace noise level and hearing loss. Conclusions Productive noise has an impact on high-frequency hearing, and with the increase of noise working age and workplace noise intensity, the risk of hearing loss also increases obviously; bad habits can increase the risk of hearing loss. Proposed to strengthen personal protection, improve technology, reduce noise intensity, should pay attention to changing the bad habits of individuals to control the occurrence of noise and deafness.