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目的了解广西壮族自治区蒙山县病毒性肝炎的发病趋势、动态变化及流行特征,探讨今后的控制对策。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2006—2011年该县病毒性肝炎疫情资料进行统计分析。结果蒙山县2006—2011年累计报告病毒性肝炎2 259例,年均发病率为174.81/10万。其中男性1 542例,女性717例,性别比为2.15∶1。全县各乡镇均有病例报告,居发病率前3位的乡镇是蒙山镇(包括县直单位)、文圩镇、西河镇;全县每月均有病例发生。主要病种为乙型肝炎占比例较大,为74.72%;其次为丙型肝炎、未分型肝炎、甲型肝炎、戊型肝炎。发病年龄以20～40岁年龄组为主,占62.46%;农民是发病的主要人群,占74.02%。结论该县病毒性肝炎发病率呈上升趋势,应以乙型肝炎的防治为重点,最有效可靠的办法是加强以接种乙型肝炎疫苗为主导的预防控制策略,特别是对15岁以下的人群加强接种乙型肝炎疫苗,及提高成人、特别是青壮年男性的乙型肝炎疫苗接种率,以提高该人群的免疫能力。还特别要加强对新生儿出生24 h内的乙型肝炎疫苗接种,保护易感人群。
Objective To understand the trend, dynamic changes and epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis in Mengshan County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to explore the future control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of viral hepatitis in this county from 2006 to 2011. Results A total of 2 259 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Mengshan County from 2006 to 2011 with an average annual incidence of 174.81 / 100 000. There were 1 542 males and 717 females with a sex ratio of 2.15: 1. The township of the county have case reports, ranking the top three townships Mengshan town (including the county straight units), Wen Wei town, West Town; the county has a monthly occurrence of cases. The main diseases were hepatitis B accounted for a large proportion of 74.72%; followed by hepatitis C, non-type hepatitis, hepatitis A, hepatitis E. The age of onset was mainly in the age group of 20-40 years old, accounting for 62.46%. The peasants were the main group with incidence of 74.02%. Conclusions The incidence of viral hepatitis in the county is on the rise. The most effective and reliable method should focus on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. The preventive and control strategies should be strengthened, especially for those under 15 years of age Hepatitis B vaccination will be stepped up and the Hepatitis B vaccination rate will be raised in adults, especially in young and middle-aged men, so as to enhance the immunocompetence of this population. In particular, hepatitis B vaccination should be strengthened within 24 hours of birth to protect susceptible people.