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由于艾滋病病毒(HIV)的噬神经性,HIV侵入中枢神经系统可导致神经认知损伤。随着联合抗反转录病毒疗法(ART)的广泛使用,HIV相关神经认知障碍(HAND)的严重阶段HIV相关性痴呆患者显著减少,但轻型HAND的发病率确有升高趋势。现行的HAND诊断标准是基于临床评估、神经心理学测试和自我报告日常活动进行的诊断,难以准确地对HAND诊断和分类,亟待依据HAND发病机理探索敏感的、有效的生物标志物用于预测HAND的发生风险,辅助HAND的临床诊断及疗效评估。现将HAND发病机制研究最新进展及其相关生物标志物的探索进展进行综述。
Due to the etiological nature of the HIV virus, HIV invades the central nervous system and can lead to neurocognitive impairment. With the widespread use of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART), patients with severe stage HIV-associated dementia with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HAND) have been significantly reduced, but the incidence of mild HAND has been on the rise. The current HAND diagnostic criteria are based on clinical assessments, neuropsychological tests, and self-reported daily activities, making it difficult to accurately diagnose and classify HAND. It is urgent to explore sensitive and effective biomarkers based on the HAND pathogenesis for the prediction of HAND Of the risk, assisting HAND’s clinical diagnosis and efficacy evaluation. The recent progress of the pathogenesis of HAND and its related biomarkers are reviewed.