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文章根据哈萨克语和汉语这一对语言组合,使用定量研究的方法对10名在新疆乌鲁木齐居住的哈萨克族儿童0—3岁期间的纵向语料进行实证研究。研究结果表明,哈萨克族双语儿童0—3岁期间的母语和第二语言习得都是一个有规律的从具体到抽象,由简单到复杂的过程。其中所涉及语法领域都是以母语哈萨克语为基础的句法转移。第二语言汉语对母语哈萨克语几乎没有影响。哈萨克族双语儿童习得汉语中出现一些特殊问题原因是新疆地区混合民族家庭比例很低,而大多数少数民族在家庭当中主要使用本民族语言,比较大的哈汉语言差异。
Based on a pair of kazakh and Chinese language pairs, this paper conducts an empirical study on the longitudinal corpora of 0 to 3-year-old Kazakh children living in Urumqi, Xinjiang, using quantitative methods. The results show that both mother tongue and second language acquisition of bilingual children from 0 to 3 years old in Kazakh are a regular concrete-to-abstract and simple-to-complex process. The grammatical fields involved are all syntactic transfers based on native Kazakh. Second language Chinese has almost no effect on mother tongue Kazakh. The reason why some special problems occur in Kazak bilingual bilingual children’s acquisition of Chinese is that the proportion of mixed ethnic families in Xinjiang is very low. Most ethnic minorities mainly use their own national language in their families and the relatively large differences in language of the Han language.