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在有色冶金工业中,常采用有色金属含量很低(从每吨几克到百分之几的含量)的矿石作原料。为生产一吨铜常需要120—150吨或更多的矿石,而提炼一吨锡、钼和钨就需要1700—2500吨矿石。如果同时还考虑到,为了从矿物原料中提取金属,在冶炼厂还需消耗大量的燃料、熔剂、空气、水、酸、碱、盐和其它试剂,那么这个工业部门的特点就是,在每生产一份主要产品的同时,就会排放出相当大量的需要进行除害处理和加以利用的固态、液态和气态的生产废料。有色冶金工业中处理的矿石,通常都是一些多金属复合矿,以及含有相当数量的
In the non-ferrous metallurgical industry, ores of very low non-ferrous metals (from a few grams per ton to a few percent) are often used as raw materials. Often 120-150 tons or more of ore are required to produce one tonne of copper, while 1,700-2500 tons of ore are required to extract one tonne of tin, molybdenum and tungsten. If, at the same time, it is also considered that in order to extract the metal from the mineral raw material and to consume a large amount of fuel, flux, air, water, acid, alkali, salt and other reagents in the smelter, the industrial sector is characterized by A major product, at the same time, emits a considerable amount of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes that need to be disposed of and utilized. The ores treated in the non-ferrous metallurgical industry are usually some polymetallic ores and contain a considerable amount of