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越南自后黎朝、阮朝独尊儒术并建立完善的科举制度之后,中国儒家经典不断传入越南,从17世纪到20世纪,儒家的“四书”“五经”全部都被翻译成越南喃字,更加巩固了儒家思想成为越南国家正统思想的地位。中国《易经》原著与各种经传注本,曾大量流传到越南,例如阮朝古学院图书馆即藏有《虞翻周易注》《周易口诀义》《郭氏传家易说》《朱子周易》《学易记》《周易全书》《周易通论》等大批易学著作;此外,也有不少中国易学著作在越南被重新刊印,包括《周易》《易经大全》《易经精义略》《五经节要》等等。越南最早的《易经》喃译者可能是冯克宽(1528—1613),惜书已佚,现存最早的是18世纪初邓泰滂的《周易解义演歌》(又名《周易国音歌》),其他还有《易经大全节要演义》《易经讲义》《羲经蠡测》《易卦分配节候演歌》等译本,对于深奥抽象的《易经》在越南起了很大的普及推广作用。在《易经》相关著作的流传与重刊,以及越南喃字演歌翻译与解释的带动下,越南《易经》之学蓬勃发展,皇帝、士大夫、书生、卜者、医者均十分热衷,社会影响层面广泛,因此出现了许多与《易经》有关的举业文、诗歌、对联、占卜书、易医书。经过本文关于《易经》在越南流传、翻译与影响的介绍,中国儒家经典及其思想如何影响越南思想与文化,读者可以从中得到一些深刻的认识。
After the rule of Confucianism and the establishment of a complete system of imperial examination in Vietnam, the Chinese Confucian classics were constantly introduced to Vietnam. From the 17th century to the 20th century, all of the Confucian “Four Books” and “The Five Classics” were translated into Vietnamese dialect, more consolidated the status of Confucianism as the national orthodoxy in Vietnam. For example, the library of the Nguyen Dynasty Academy of Archeology is a collection of books such as Yu Yu Chou Zhizhi, Zhouyi Kouji Yi, Guo Shi Jia Yi Yi Shu, Zhu Zi Zhou Yi “” Book of Changes “,” Book of Changes “,” Book of Changes “and a large number of Yi books; in addition, there are many Chinese books in Yi reprinted in Vietnam, including” Book of Changes “” Book of Changes “ Five classics to be ”and so on. The earliest translator of “Yi Jing” in Vietnam may be Feng Kekuan (1528-1613), but his book has been lost. The earliest surviving is the “Zhou Yi Jie Yi En Song” (aka “Zhouyi Guo Yin Song”) by Deng Taitong in the early 18th century. There are other translations of “Book of Changes”, “Book of Changes”, “Book of Changes”, “Book of Changes” effect. In the circulation and republication of the related works of the Book of Changes, and the translation and explanation of the Vietnamese mutiny vocals, the study of the Book of Changes in Vietnam flourished. The emperors, scholar-officials, scholarly students, There are many influential levels of influence, so many quotations, poems, couplets, divination books and medical books related to the Book of Changes are emerging. After this article on the spread of the Book of Changes in Vietnam, the introduction of translation and influence, how can the Chinese Confucian classics and their ideas affect the Vietnamese thought and culture, readers can get some profound understanding.