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1. Do you know anyone with a mental or physical disability? 你认识有智力或身体障碍的人吗？
disabilityn. 无力，无能，残疾
Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? 这种残疾对他们做某些事造成了困难吗？
His disability prevents him from holding a job. 他的无能使他不能胜任工作。
【拓展】
disablevt. 使失去能力，使残废
The accident disabled him from walking.
=He was disabled from walking by the accident. 那次车祸使他失去了走路的能力。
Old age disabled him for hand labor. 年迈使他失去了劳动能力。
disabledadj. 残废的，有缺陷的
the disabled 残疾人(表一类人)
Because he is disabled, his house has become a prison to him. 因为残疾，房子对他来说简直成了监狱。
This boss is encouraged to hire the disabled. 这位老板被鼓励去雇佣残疾人。
2. Why disabled people find the website beneficial? 为什么残疾人认为这个网站有益？
beneficialadj. 对……有益的、有好处的，其后常接介词to
Fresh air is beneficial to our health. 新鲜空气有益健康。
Sunshine and moisture are beneficial to living things. 阳光和水分于生物有益。
【拓展】
benefitv.有益于
benefit by/from得益于
I have benefited a lot from extensive reading. 广泛阅读使我受益匪浅。
We benefit by/from daily exercises. 每天锻炼对我们有好处。
I don’t think my uncle will benefit us with his money. 我想我叔叔是不会给我们钱的。
beneficial = of benefit (benefit n.)
This project is of great benefit to everyone. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。
It was achieved with the benefit of modern technology. 借助现代技术，目标已经达到。
3. She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps(800metres) this year. 多次参加比赛，在今年的800米赛跑中打破一项记录，她对此感到自豪。
to have done是动词不定式的完成形式，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The old woman seems not to have eaten anything. 这个老太太似乎没吃过东西。
Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. 查尔斯•巴别基被普遍认为是电脑的发明者。
【拓展】
在would like, would love, would rather, hope, wish, expect, think, suppose, want, plan, agree, mean, try等这类表示“打算，意图”的动词后接不定式的完成时作宾语，含有“想做而未做的事情”之意。
I would love to have gone to the party last Sunday evening, but I had to work extra hours to finish my composition. 我本打算上周日晚去参加聚会，然而我不得不抽空完成我的作品。
I planned to have attended the lecture yesterday morning, but my uncle called and I couldn’t get away. 昨天上午，我本计划出席这次演讲，但我叔叔找我，脱不开身。
4. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. 跑了很短一段之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者上楼梯上到一半就得停下来休息，我上小学时有的孩子见到我这样就会笑话我。
out of breath上气不接下气
Tom ran faster than ever, reaching Zhongshan Park quite out of breath. 汤姆跑得比以前更快，到中山公园时已经上气不接下气。
The mile run left Bill out of breath. 一公里赛跑，跑得比尔上气不接下气。
【拓展】
draw/take a breath深深地吸一口气
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath喘息
save one’s breath不白费唇舌
below one’s breath压着嗓子，低声地
stop one’s breath把某人闷死
in a breath一口气，一举
The driver took a deep breath and dived in the swimming pool. 那潜水员深深地吸了一口气，然后跳入泳池中。
Save your breath, the boss will never give you a day off. 别白费唇舌了，老板决不会给你一天假。
5. In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things. 尤其是以下几点我不知道你是否考虑到了。
in particular = especially or particularly尤其，特别，格外
He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。
Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular. 彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。
【拓展】
in trouble处在困境/不幸/烦恼中
in a dilemma在(进退两难的)困境中
in danger在危险中
in time及时，不迟
The building is in danger of collapsing. 这栋建筑有垮塌的危险。
If I don’t get this finished in time, I’ll be in trouble. 我要是不按时完成就倒霉了。
sb be particular about /over sth某人对某事很挑剔
sth be particular to sb某事为某人所特有
She is very particular about the clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。
Writing is particular to Mary. 写作是玛丽的爱好。
6. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. 因为克莱尔不允许托尼陪她去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。
accompanyv. 陪伴，陪同，伴随；为……伴奏
I will accompany Professor Li to the station. 我要送李教授去车站。
The pianist accompanied the singer. 钢琴家为歌唱者伴奏。
【拓展】
accompany sb to sp陪……去……
be accompanied by/with与某事物同时存在或发生，兼带，附有
accompany sb at/on sth用……给某人伴奏
His wife accompanied him on the trip to New York. 他夫人陪他去纽约。
Lightning usually accompanies thunder. 闪电通常伴有雷声。
The well-known singer was accompanied at the piano by Mr Wang. 王先生为那位著名的歌星担任钢琴伴奏。
keep sb company陪伴，和某人做伴
in the company of/in sb’s company在……的陪同下
I feel happy in your company. 有你陪同我很高兴。
7. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 克莱尔觉得受到机器人的同情是荒唐的。
sympathyn. 同情心，同感，慰问
have /feel sympathy for /towards sb同情某人
in sympathy with同情，赞成，一致
He has no sympathy with them in their suffering. 他不同情他们的苦难。
On this point I’m in sympathy with him. 在这一点上我同他一致。
【拓展】
in/with sympathy同情地
a letter of sympathy 慰问信
She looked at the poor kids with sympathy. 她同情地看着那些可怜的孩子。
8. Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? 你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和渴望吗？
desiren. 愿望，欲望，要求
have a strong desire to do sth迫切想做某事
have no desire for sth对……没有欲望
do sth at sb’s desire应……的要求做某事
He has a strong desire to succeed. = He has a strong desire for success. 他渴望成功。
I will do it at your desire. 我按照你的要求去做。
【拓展】
desirev. 愿望，欲望，要求
desire for sth渴望得到
desire to do sth迫切希望做
desire sb to do sth迫切希望某人做
desire that+主+(should)+动词原形 (虚拟语气)
She desires you to come at once. = She desires that you come at once. 她希望你立即来。
We all desire happiness and health. 我们都希望幸福和健康。
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors. 我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。
【拓展】
desire, hope, want与 wish
desire强调主观愿望的热切，带有尽力争取的含义；
hope除表示“希望”外，兼有“打算”的含义；表示对愿望的可能实现抱有信心；
want是个常用词，只能说want to do sth或want sb to do sth，不可带宾语从句；
wish多表示不大可能实现的愿望，或用于祝愿语，后面可以跟宾语加宾补形式，hope则不可以。
We all desire happiness and health.
I hope I can pass the exam.
I don’t want Linda to hear about this.
I wish I were a bird.
9. In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years. 1942年，他开始在费城海军造船厂担任初级化学师，在那儿干了三年。
junioradj. 年少的，资历较浅的，等级较低的。一般不用于比较等级，不与than 连用，而应与介词to搭配。反义词senior用法与junior相同。
He is three years junior/senior to me. = He is junior/senior to me by three years. 他比我小/大两岁。
Junior缩写为Jr或Jun，置于与其父亲同名的男子的姓名之后，表示“较年幼的，较小的”。
Mr King Junior is in charge of the factory. 小金先生掌管那个工厂。
Tom is studying at a junior middle school. 汤姆正在上初中。
【拓展】
Junior 还可做名词，意为“年少者，晚辈，三年级学生”
an office junior 初级职员
Of the two clerks, he is the junior.
这两个职员中，他职位较低。
She married a man seven years her junior/senior. 她嫁给了一个比她小/大七岁的男人。
10. But even though Tony had been so clever,he would have to be rebuilt — you can not have woman falling in love with machine. 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得做一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
have sb doing sth让某人做某事(现在分词表主动进行)
The show had us laughing all the time. 这场表演使我们自始至终笑不停。
I tried to have my son learning English. 我想让我的儿子学英语。
have sb doing sth若用在否定句中，have则有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。
【拓展】
have sth done
有意识的行为，have意为“使，让，命令”，使某事由别人做
When did you have your hair cut? 你什么时候理的发？
I must have this suit dry-cleaned. 我必须把这套衣服送去干洗。
无意识的行为，have意为“受到，遭到”
Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。
He had his money stolen yesterday. 昨天他的钱被偷了。
have sb do sth
I will have him mend this radio. 我会请他为我修收音机。
I had him write a letter to my employer. 我要他写一封信给我的雇主。
练习
1. It is said that dogs will keep you_________for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D. friend
2. I have absolutely no_________ for students who get caught cheating in exams.
A. connection B. sympathy
C. confidence D. emotion
3. We desire that we_________ of any change in plans.
A. are informed B. must be informed
C. be informed D. have been informed
4. If the father is called Smith Senior, the son is usually called Smith_________.
A. young B. elderly C. Junior D. kid
5. Nuclear science should be developed to_________the people rather than harm them。
A. contribute B. protect
C. affect D. benefit
6. Mary的父母不在，所以我想我得过去陪着她。
Mary’s parents are away for the week, so I thought I’d go over and_____________ . (accompany)
7. 她对吃的东西特别挑剔。
She is_______________ what she eats. (particular)
8. 你晚饭有什么特别想吃的吗？
Is there_______________you’d like for dinner? (particular)
9. 我上气不接下气地跑到电影院。
I ran to the cinema all along and_______________. (breath)
10. 他比我小五岁。
He is five years younger than me. =He is five years_______________me. (junior)
11. 被选为班长我很骄傲。
I am proud to_______________ monitor. (elect)
12. 时光一去不复返。
It was impossible for lost time to_______________.(make)
参考答案
1～5. BBCCD
6. keep her accompany
7. particular about
8. anything in particular
9. out of breath
10. junior to
11. have been elected
12. be made up
disabilityn. 无力，无能，残疾
Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? 这种残疾对他们做某些事造成了困难吗？
His disability prevents him from holding a job. 他的无能使他不能胜任工作。
【拓展】
disablevt. 使失去能力，使残废
The accident disabled him from walking.
=He was disabled from walking by the accident. 那次车祸使他失去了走路的能力。
Old age disabled him for hand labor. 年迈使他失去了劳动能力。
disabledadj. 残废的，有缺陷的
the disabled 残疾人(表一类人)
Because he is disabled, his house has become a prison to him. 因为残疾，房子对他来说简直成了监狱。
This boss is encouraged to hire the disabled. 这位老板被鼓励去雇佣残疾人。
2. Why disabled people find the website beneficial? 为什么残疾人认为这个网站有益？
beneficialadj. 对……有益的、有好处的，其后常接介词to
Fresh air is beneficial to our health. 新鲜空气有益健康。
Sunshine and moisture are beneficial to living things. 阳光和水分于生物有益。
【拓展】
benefitv.有益于
benefit by/from得益于
I have benefited a lot from extensive reading. 广泛阅读使我受益匪浅。
We benefit by/from daily exercises. 每天锻炼对我们有好处。
I don’t think my uncle will benefit us with his money. 我想我叔叔是不会给我们钱的。
beneficial = of benefit (benefit n.)
This project is of great benefit to everyone. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。
It was achieved with the benefit of modern technology. 借助现代技术，目标已经达到。
3. She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps(800metres) this year. 多次参加比赛，在今年的800米赛跑中打破一项记录，她对此感到自豪。
to have done是动词不定式的完成形式，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The old woman seems not to have eaten anything. 这个老太太似乎没吃过东西。
Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. 查尔斯•巴别基被普遍认为是电脑的发明者。
【拓展】
在would like, would love, would rather, hope, wish, expect, think, suppose, want, plan, agree, mean, try等这类表示“打算，意图”的动词后接不定式的完成时作宾语，含有“想做而未做的事情”之意。
I would love to have gone to the party last Sunday evening, but I had to work extra hours to finish my composition. 我本打算上周日晚去参加聚会，然而我不得不抽空完成我的作品。
I planned to have attended the lecture yesterday morning, but my uncle called and I couldn’t get away. 昨天上午，我本计划出席这次演讲，但我叔叔找我，脱不开身。
4. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. 跑了很短一段之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者上楼梯上到一半就得停下来休息，我上小学时有的孩子见到我这样就会笑话我。
out of breath上气不接下气
Tom ran faster than ever, reaching Zhongshan Park quite out of breath. 汤姆跑得比以前更快，到中山公园时已经上气不接下气。
The mile run left Bill out of breath. 一公里赛跑，跑得比尔上气不接下气。
【拓展】
draw/take a breath深深地吸一口气
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath喘息
save one’s breath不白费唇舌
below one’s breath压着嗓子，低声地
stop one’s breath把某人闷死
in a breath一口气，一举
The driver took a deep breath and dived in the swimming pool. 那潜水员深深地吸了一口气，然后跳入泳池中。
Save your breath, the boss will never give you a day off. 别白费唇舌了，老板决不会给你一天假。
5. In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things. 尤其是以下几点我不知道你是否考虑到了。
in particular = especially or particularly尤其，特别，格外
He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。
Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular. 彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。
【拓展】
in trouble处在困境/不幸/烦恼中
in a dilemma在(进退两难的)困境中
in danger在危险中
in time及时，不迟
The building is in danger of collapsing. 这栋建筑有垮塌的危险。
If I don’t get this finished in time, I’ll be in trouble. 我要是不按时完成就倒霉了。
sb be particular about /over sth某人对某事很挑剔
sth be particular to sb某事为某人所特有
She is very particular about the clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。
Writing is particular to Mary. 写作是玛丽的爱好。
6. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. 因为克莱尔不允许托尼陪她去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。
accompanyv. 陪伴，陪同，伴随；为……伴奏
I will accompany Professor Li to the station. 我要送李教授去车站。
The pianist accompanied the singer. 钢琴家为歌唱者伴奏。
【拓展】
accompany sb to sp陪……去……
be accompanied by/with与某事物同时存在或发生，兼带，附有
accompany sb at/on sth用……给某人伴奏
His wife accompanied him on the trip to New York. 他夫人陪他去纽约。
Lightning usually accompanies thunder. 闪电通常伴有雷声。
The well-known singer was accompanied at the piano by Mr Wang. 王先生为那位著名的歌星担任钢琴伴奏。
keep sb company陪伴，和某人做伴
in the company of/in sb’s company在……的陪同下
I feel happy in your company. 有你陪同我很高兴。
7. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 克莱尔觉得受到机器人的同情是荒唐的。
sympathyn. 同情心，同感，慰问
have /feel sympathy for /towards sb同情某人
in sympathy with同情，赞成，一致
He has no sympathy with them in their suffering. 他不同情他们的苦难。
On this point I’m in sympathy with him. 在这一点上我同他一致。
【拓展】
in/with sympathy同情地
a letter of sympathy 慰问信
She looked at the poor kids with sympathy. 她同情地看着那些可怜的孩子。
8. Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? 你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和渴望吗？
desiren. 愿望，欲望，要求
have a strong desire to do sth迫切想做某事
have no desire for sth对……没有欲望
do sth at sb’s desire应……的要求做某事
He has a strong desire to succeed. = He has a strong desire for success. 他渴望成功。
I will do it at your desire. 我按照你的要求去做。
【拓展】
desirev. 愿望，欲望，要求
desire for sth渴望得到
desire to do sth迫切希望做
desire sb to do sth迫切希望某人做
desire that+主+(should)+动词原形 (虚拟语气)
She desires you to come at once. = She desires that you come at once. 她希望你立即来。
We all desire happiness and health. 我们都希望幸福和健康。
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors. 我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。
【拓展】
desire, hope, want与 wish
desire强调主观愿望的热切，带有尽力争取的含义；
hope除表示“希望”外，兼有“打算”的含义；表示对愿望的可能实现抱有信心；
want是个常用词，只能说want to do sth或want sb to do sth，不可带宾语从句；
wish多表示不大可能实现的愿望，或用于祝愿语，后面可以跟宾语加宾补形式，hope则不可以。
We all desire happiness and health.
I hope I can pass the exam.
I don’t want Linda to hear about this.
I wish I were a bird.
9. In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years. 1942年，他开始在费城海军造船厂担任初级化学师，在那儿干了三年。
junioradj. 年少的，资历较浅的，等级较低的。一般不用于比较等级，不与than 连用，而应与介词to搭配。反义词senior用法与junior相同。
He is three years junior/senior to me. = He is junior/senior to me by three years. 他比我小/大两岁。
Junior缩写为Jr或Jun，置于与其父亲同名的男子的姓名之后，表示“较年幼的，较小的”。
Mr King Junior is in charge of the factory. 小金先生掌管那个工厂。
Tom is studying at a junior middle school. 汤姆正在上初中。
【拓展】
Junior 还可做名词，意为“年少者，晚辈，三年级学生”
an office junior 初级职员
Of the two clerks, he is the junior.
这两个职员中，他职位较低。
She married a man seven years her junior/senior. 她嫁给了一个比她小/大七岁的男人。
10. But even though Tony had been so clever,he would have to be rebuilt — you can not have woman falling in love with machine. 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得做一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
have sb doing sth让某人做某事(现在分词表主动进行)
The show had us laughing all the time. 这场表演使我们自始至终笑不停。
I tried to have my son learning English. 我想让我的儿子学英语。
have sb doing sth若用在否定句中，have则有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。
【拓展】
have sth done
有意识的行为，have意为“使，让，命令”，使某事由别人做
When did you have your hair cut? 你什么时候理的发？
I must have this suit dry-cleaned. 我必须把这套衣服送去干洗。
无意识的行为，have意为“受到，遭到”
Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。
He had his money stolen yesterday. 昨天他的钱被偷了。
have sb do sth
I will have him mend this radio. 我会请他为我修收音机。
I had him write a letter to my employer. 我要他写一封信给我的雇主。
练习
1. It is said that dogs will keep you_________for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D. friend
2. I have absolutely no_________ for students who get caught cheating in exams.
A. connection B. sympathy
C. confidence D. emotion
3. We desire that we_________ of any change in plans.
A. are informed B. must be informed
C. be informed D. have been informed
4. If the father is called Smith Senior, the son is usually called Smith_________.
A. young B. elderly C. Junior D. kid
5. Nuclear science should be developed to_________the people rather than harm them。
A. contribute B. protect
C. affect D. benefit
6. Mary的父母不在，所以我想我得过去陪着她。
Mary’s parents are away for the week, so I thought I’d go over and_____________ . (accompany)
7. 她对吃的东西特别挑剔。
She is_______________ what she eats. (particular)
8. 你晚饭有什么特别想吃的吗？
Is there_______________you’d like for dinner? (particular)
9. 我上气不接下气地跑到电影院。
I ran to the cinema all along and_______________. (breath)
10. 他比我小五岁。
He is five years younger than me. =He is five years_______________me. (junior)
11. 被选为班长我很骄傲。
I am proud to_______________ monitor. (elect)
12. 时光一去不复返。
It was impossible for lost time to_______________.(make)
参考答案
1～5. BBCCD
6. keep her accompany
7. particular about
8. anything in particular
9. out of breath
10. junior to
11. have been elected
12. be made up