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终点误差是分析化学教学中滴定分析部分的重要内容之一,国内外分析化学教材对此均有讨论.本文从终点误差的定义出发,根据反应的摩尔比关系,导出计算终点误差的通式,并结合终点时的物料平衡与电荷平衡关系,导出不同类型滴定反应的终点误差计算式,同时讨论该误差公式在酸碱滴定、沉淀滴定、氧化还原滴定和络合滴定中的应用.这些公式较一般的分析化学教材所采用的公式更加容易理解和便于计算,虽然不能包括全部滴定分析误差的计算,但具有较大的普遍性.由于公式是根据反应的摩尔比关系而不是当量关系导出,
The end point error is one of the important contents of the titration analysis part in the analytical chemistry teaching, which is discussed in the textbooks both at home and abroad.This paper starts with the definition of the end point error, derives the general formula for calculating the end point error according to the molar ratio of the reaction, Combined with the relationship between material balance and charge balance at the end point, the formula for calculating the end point error of different types of titration reactions is derived, and the application of the error formula in acid-base titration, sedimentation titration, redox titration and complexometric titration are discussed. The formulas used in general analytical chemistry textbooks are easier to understand and easier to calculate, although they can not include the calculation of the total titration error, but they are more universal.As the formula is derived from the molar ratio of the reaction rather than the equivalence relation,