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3D显示技术利用双眼视差原理，通过一定方法使左右眼看到不同的影像，经过大脑视觉皮质的处理，融合产生立体视觉图像。由于其高清立体的手术视野、准确的空间定位能力，3D显示技术在外科应用广泛。由于眼内操作复杂，操作空间较小，眼科显微手术需借助显微镜进行，尤其微创玻璃体视网膜手术是眼科手术中难度最高、学习曲线最长的手术。应用3D显示系统进行眼科手术有提高手术精确性、减少视网膜光毒性、缓解术者颈背部压力、促进医务人员之间的交流与配合等优点。目前，NGENUITY和TrueVision系统主要应用于眼科3D显示系统，均需佩戴3D眼镜实现3D效果，裸眼3D系统是未来发展的主要方向。将3D显示系统与眼科手术辅助机器人系统相结合为发展眼科远程手术提供了新的思路。今后仍需不断地提升3D显示系统的性能，从而更好地应用于临床。本文就3D显示系统在眼前节手术及玻璃体视网膜手术中的研究及应用进行综述。“,”Based on binocular disparity, three-dimensional (3D) display technology makes the right and left eyes see different images in a certain way, which generates a stereo image after the processing of the brain's visual cortex.Due to its high-definition stereoscopic surgical field of vision and accurate spatial positioning ability, 3D display technology has been widely used in surgery.Ophthalmic microsurgery is performed with the help of microscope because of the complex intraocular operation and small operating space, especially minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery, which is the most difficult surgery with the longest learning curve in ophthalmology.The 3D display viewing system can improve surgical accuracy, reduce retinal phototoxicity, relieve the pressure on the neck and back of the surgeon as well as promote communication and cooperation between medical staff and so on.At present, the major 3D display systems applied in ophthalmology include the NGENUITY 3D Visualization System and TrueVision 3D Visualization System, both of which require wearing 3D glasses.The naked eye 3D display system is the main direction of future development.The combination of 3D display system and ophthalmic surgical robot system provides a new idea for the development of remote ophthalmic surgery.At the same time, broader application of 3D display system requires continuous improvement.In this article, the research and application of 3D display system in anterior segment surgery and vitreoretinal surgery were reviewed.