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以1989年柏林墙倒塌、1991年苏联解体为标志,东西方间长达 40年之久的冷战最终结束了。随着冷战的结束,东欧各国先后开始政治经济改革,养老保险等社会保障制度改革也很快提到议事日程。尽管改革前东欧各国的养老保险制度大同小异,而且改革时所面临的人口、劳动力市场及经济压力亦十分相似,但各国最终采纳的改革方案或方向却有着本质的不同。为什么呢?本文仅以匈牙利、波兰、捷克、斯洛文尼亚四国为例,作一简略介绍和分析。
With the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cold War that lasted 40 years between East and West ended. With the end of the cold war, all the countries in Eastern Europe started the political and economic reforms one after another, and the reform of the social security system such as pension insurance quickly referred to the agenda. Although the pension insurance systems of the countries in Eastern Europe before the reform were similar, and the demographic, labor market and economic pressures faced by the reform were also very similar, there were inherent differences in the finalized reform proposals or directions adopted by each country. Why? This article only to Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, four countries, for example, for a brief introduction and analysis.