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(一) 民间故事主要凭借它新奇曲折的故事情节来吸引人,研究民间故事的自然也应从分析它的故事情节入手。但“故事情节”这个概念颇为笼统,故事学家和比较文学家便提出了“母题”(motif)这个概念。什么是母题呢?先让我们从刘魁立撰著的《世界各国民间故事类型索引述评》中引述一段最简要的解说:
(1) The folk story attracts mainly by virtue of its novel and twisting storyline. The nature of studying folk story should also start with the analysis of its storyline. But the notion of “storyline” is quite general. Storytelling and comparative writers have come up with the concept of a motif. What is the motif? Let us quote from Liu Kuili’s “Commentary on the Types of Folktales of Various Countries in the World” quoting a brief explanation: