This study analyzes medical practitioners' adaptation to a dynamic cultural and political scene and examines the impact of medical refugees on a local community.In the early 1920s,there was an influential Russian medical community in Harbin that established medical societies and medical schools.The organization of medical societies was a part of the active formation of a professional community and represented a thoughtful measure for countering the control of Chinese officials.The high degree of cooperation between Russian and Chinese medical personnel in the medical-sanitary department of the Chinese Eastern Railway and in Harbin municipal medical facilities was a part of Harbin physicians' activities.