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为了全面了解广东省普通野生稻自然生存现状,更好地为我国野生稻资源的长远保护提供决策依据,2005-2016年我们对广东普通野生稻自然生存状况进行了实地调查。结果查明,目前广东共有25个县(市)尚存普通野生稻,尚有分布点118个,其中103个有历史资料记载,15个为本次调查新发现。根据历史资料统计,广东省原有普通野生稻分布点1083个,但截至目前野生稻已全部消失的分布点有980个,分布点丧失率90.49%,呈现严重濒危的趋势。调查发现,造成野生稻大量消失的原因主要有垦荒造田、水利建设、城镇建设、养殖业发展、除草剂使用、环境污染和外来物种侵袭等。调查的同时,从118个点共收集了1371份种茎样本进行异位保存,为普通野生稻资源持续利用提供了更大的物质保障。此外,对广东普通野生稻的长远保护提出了建议。
In order to fully understand the status quo of the common wild rice in Guangdong Province and to provide better decision-making basis for the long-term protection of wild rice resources in China, we conducted a field survey of the natural living conditions of common wild rice in Guangdong from 2005 to 2016. As a result, it has been found that there are currently a total of 118 common wild rice species remaining in 25 counties (or cities) in Guangdong, of which 103 are recorded in historical records and 15 are newly discovered in this survey. According to historical data, there were 1,083 common wild rice species in Guangdong Province, but up to now, there were 980 wild rice species that disappeared, with a distribution loss rate of 90.49%, showing a serious and endangered trend. The survey found that the main causes of wild rice largely disappeared due to reclamation and reclamation, water conservancy construction, urban construction, aquaculture development, herbicide use, environmental pollution and invasion of alien species. At the same time of investigation, 1,371 species of stem samples were collected from 118 sites for ectopic preservation, which provided greater material guarantee for the sustainable utilization of O. officinalis resources. In addition, suggestions for the long-term protection of common wild rice in Guangdong are put forward.