1.呼吸系统是由呼吸道和肺组成。呼吸道包括鼻、咽、喉、气管和主支气管等器官。 2.临床上称鼻、咽、喉为上呼吸道;把气管、主支气管及其分支叫做下呼吸道。 3.鼻腔周围骨性含空气的腔衬以粘膜而成,都开口于鼻腔,粘膜与鼻腔粘膜相移行。共4对(上颌窦、额窦、蝶窦和筛窦),对发音有共鸣作用。鼻旁窦的粘膜与鼻腔粘膜相延续,当鼻腔粘膜发炎时可波及鼻旁窦,引起发炎。上颌窦炎时早晨头痛减轻,而午后加重。原因是上颌窦腔大,窦底低于窦开口,站立位时不易引流,睡眠侧卧位时,使一侧窦口位置变低,易于引流之故。而额窦炎时,晨起头痛,午后则减轻,因额窦口位于窦底, 1. The respiratory system is composed of the respiratory tract and lungs. Respiratory tract, including nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchus and other organs. 2. clinically called nose, pharynx, laryngeal upper respiratory tract; the trachea, the main bronchus and its branches called the lower respiratory tract. 3. Surrounding the nasal cavity with bony lining of the air to the mucosa, are open in the nasal cavity, mucosa and nasal mucosa phase shift. A total of 4 pairs (maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinus), the resonance sound. Paranasal mucosa and nasal mucosa phase continued, when the nasal mucosa inflammation can affect the paranasal sinus, causing inflammation. Maxillary sinusitis relieve headache in the morning, and aggravate afternoon. The reason is the maxillary sinus cavity, the sinus floor below the sinus openings, standing position is not easy to drain, sleep side position, so that one side of the ostium position becomes low, easy to drain it. The amount of frontal sinusitis, morning headache, the afternoon is reduced, because the frontal sinus ostium located at the end,