回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的脑多形性黄色星形细胞瘤(PXA)的临床病程、影像特征、病理特征及生物学行为,探讨PXA的临床与影像学诊断的关系。结果:本组肿瘤临床表现以癫痫和头痛为主。CT、MRI示本瘤多发于大脑表浅部位,典型的影像学特征为囊性肿瘤伴壁结节形成。病理上肿瘤组织主要由多形性细胞组成,无钙化,乏坏死和核分裂。该瘤存活期长,预后良好。治疗上全切加术后放疗能大大减小复发率。 The clinical course, imaging features, pathological features and biological behavior of 15 cases of pleomorphic yellow astrocytoma (PXA) confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the relationship between clinical and imaging diagnosis of PXA. Results: The clinical manifestations of this group of patients with epilepsy and headache-based. CT, MRI showed multiple tumors in the brain superficial parts of the brain, the typical imaging features of cystic neoplasia with nodules. Tumor mainly composed of pleomorphic cells, no calcification, necrosis and mitosis. Long survival of the tumor, the prognosis is good. Full-term treatment of postoperative radiotherapy can greatly reduce the recurrence rate.