孔子在《论语.阳货》中云“子曰‘小子何莫学夫《诗》.《诗》可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨;迩之事父,远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名。’”①寥寥数语,就十分简洁而又高度概括了以《诗经》为代表的诗歌所具有的审美功能(即“兴”)、认识功能(即“观”)、社会交往与心灵沟通的功能(即“群”与“怨”)。其实,词也具备这些功能,只是一直被人们所忽视,所以笔者拟借苏轼词来阐释这一观点。 Confucius in the “Analects of Confucius. Yang goods” in the cloud “son of kid” He Mo Xuefu “poem.” “Poems” can Xing, you can view, you can group, you can complain; In a few words, it is very concise and highly summarizes the aesthetic function (“Xing”) of poetry represented by “The Book of Songs”, the cognitive function (ie, “View ”), social interaction and spiritual communication function (ie “group ” and “blame ”). In fact, the word also has these features, but has been neglected by people, so I intend to borrow Su Shi words to explain this view.