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Every sport has its superheros, and fencingis no exception. One fencing hero is usuallyplaced among the greatest fencers in the last100 years: Romankov.
Romankov is almost as famous for hislong competitive career as he is for his results.When older fencers ask themselves if they canstill be relevant to International fencing intheir thirties, forties and fifties, Romankov'sname invariably floats to the top with aresounding Yes!
Born July llth, 1953 in the city ofKorsakov, Belarussia, Romankov medaled forthe Soviet Union at five World Championshipsand three Olympics. He won his final OlympicBronze in 1988, at 35 years old--an "old man"in Olympic history.
There's a simple reason for Romankov'slong competitive career--and for why thesport of fencing rewards age in general.Fencing is a combat sport, and in combat, witis as important as energy. Every erg of athleticenergy is matched by an equal expenditure ofbrainpower.
In fencing, the combat interface is verydirect-blade-to-blade. When you cross bladeswith an opponent whose only goal is to sendyou home, you feel every twitch of musclethrough the steel.
每一项运动都有它的超级英雄，击剑也不例外。有一位击剑英雄被很多人认为是过去100年里最伟大的击剑手之一——他就是罗曼科夫。
罗曼科夫能获得这样的声望不仅是因为他取得过辉煌的战果，也是因为他拥有漫长的职业生涯。当一些年龄偏大的击剑运动员怀疑自己到了三十多、四十多和五十多岁时是否还能在国际赛场上有所作为的时候，罗曼科夫的名字总会浮现在他们的脑海中，为他们做出坚定响亮的回答——能!
罗曼科夫于1953年7月11日出生在白俄罗斯的科尔萨科夫。他曾代表苏联在五届世锦赛和三届奥运会上获得奖牌。1988年，他在35岁时赢得了最后一块奥运铜牌——在奥运会历史上这个年龄可以算得上“高龄”了。
罗曼科夫成为剑坛“长青树”的原因很简单，其实这也是为何击剑运动一般更适合年龄大的人的原因：因为击剑是一种格斗运动，而在格斗中，机智和体力同等重要。(在此运动中)消耗的每一分体能都要求等量的脑力与之配合。
在击剑中，打斗以短兵相接的方式进行——剑锋与剑锋相搏。当你与对手交锋时，对手唯一的目标就是打败你，通过钢制的剑身你能感受到对手肌肉的每一次颤动。
Romankov is a master of sending the wrong signalsdown the blade. Using body language and fearsomelyperfect hand-technique, Romankov exploits his nervousopponents' twitch factor, "opening them up" on-targethits.
Miscommunication is only one of Romankov'sweapons. His sense of distance, his footwork and fencinghand caused a whole generation of fencers to "go Russian"and adopt Russian techniques. Romankov is able to meetthe trickiest attacks with solid blocks--his hand seemsomniscient. He then lances forward with small tipmovements that easily evade his opponent's attempts todefend. At times, it seemed like he was giving his world-class competitors fencing lessons.
In the final analysis, Romankov dominated the fencingworld with technique, honed in his youth through unendingdaily practices with his coach father. His finesse imparts acalm precision that allows his every fantastic improvisation5to succeed.
Today, Romankov is a highly-sought fencing coachwho competes for pleasure. In 2000, he was employed bythe Australian Fencing Federation to improve the Australianteam before the Sydney Olympics. He gives numerousworkshops and training camps, in America and abroad.
罗曼科夫是通过剑锋向对手传递虚假信号的大师。通过运用灵活的肢体语言和完美得令人生畏的手上技巧，罗曼科夫能够抓住紧张的对 手的“颤动反应”，让他们因为错误判断而暴露破绽，进而乘虚而入。
传递虚假信号只是罗曼科夫制胜武器中的一种。他对距离的直觉、他的步法和手上动作曾令整整一代的击剑运动员“走俄罗斯人的路线”并采纳俄罗斯人的击剑技巧。即使面对最棘手的攻击，罗曼科夫的防御也是牢不可破的——他的手似乎无所不知。快速进攻的时候，他使用的小幅剑尖动作往往令对手防不胜防。有时，他看起来就像在给他的世界界级对手上击剑课。
总而言之，罗曼科夫凭借出色的技术称霸剑坛。年轻的时候，他的父亲兼教练每日让他无休止地练习，从而练就了如此精湛的技术。正是这种精湛的技术才使他在比赛中能够沉着冷静，动作精准，因此他的每一个绝妙的即兴动作都能够成功。
如今，罗曼科夫是一位抢手的击剑教练，参加比赛成了他的业余乐趣。2000年的时候，澳大利亚击剑协会在悉尼奥运会之前曾聘请他为澳大利亚击剑队作指导，希望以此提高全队的水平。他还在美国和其他国家开办了众多的学习班和训练营。
击剑运动运动简史
Fencing originated as the practice of swordsmanship to prepare men for duels andwarfare. A fencing match is depicted on an Egyptian temple that dates to about 1190B.C. and the ancient Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and Romans all had some form offencing.
The use of armor during the Middle Ages made swordsmanship virtually obsolete2.The broadsword was used against armor, but only as a crude hacking device requiringsheer strength rather than skill.
By making armor obsolete, the development of firearms ironically brought swordplayback into prominence during the 15th century. Soldiers once again had to acquire someskill with the sword, and fencing also emerged as a pastime for gentlemen. Fencingmasters organized guilds, which taught various moves to initiates while protecting themas trade secrets from outsiders .
The swords of that period were rather heavy, and cutting the opponent with the edgewas emphasized. Further, since the sword was frequently a weapon of defense againstthieves, tactics included wrestling holds and tricks designed to disarm the opponent to sethim up for the killing blow.
Fencing as an exercise based on speed and skill began when the longer, lighte.r rapierwas developed in Italy during the 16th century. Because of the rapier's length, opponentshad to fight at a distance and quick but controlled lunges, attacking the enemy with thepoint of the sword, replaced cruder hacking techniques. But the rapier wasn't a gooddefensive weapon, so the fencer often had to use his gauntleted left hand to parry hisopponent's thrusts.
击剑起源于训练男性参加决斗和战争的剑术练习。一座可以追溯到公元前1190年的埃及神庙的壁画上绘有击剑比赛的图案。古代巴比伦人、希腊人、波斯人和罗马人也都曾进行过某种形式的击剑运动。
中世纪时期，盔甲的使用让剑术几乎无用武之地。虽然有攻击盔甲用的大砍刀，但那只是粗糙的劈砍武器，只需要蛮力却不需要技巧。
15世纪火枪的出现使盔甲遭到淘汰，这也戏剧性地使得剑术再度辉煌。学会用剑的技能又一次成为士兵们的必修课，而击剑同时也成为绅士们的一种消遣活动。剑术大师们组织了一些行会，向入会者传授各种击剑动作，同时把这些动作视为行业秘密而加以保护，以防外人知道。
那个时期的剑比较重，人们偏重于用剑刃砍伤对手。而且，因为剑常被用作防御盗贼的武器，其战术也包括一些摔跤手法，以及试图夺下对手武器进而致人于死地的招数。
16世纪，意大利发展出了更长、更轻的无刃剑，击剑开始正式成为一种以速度和技巧为基础的运动形式。由于无刃轻剑较长，较量双方必须在一定的距离之外比试，用剑尖快速而有控制地进行袭击的技术取代了简单的劈砍技术。但是无刃轻剑并不是出色的防御武器，所以击剑手通常需要用戴手套的左手挡开对手的攻击。
Under Louis XIV in France, a change in fashion led toa new kind of sword. The rapier simply didn't go well withbrocaded jackets, breeches, and silk stockings, so Frenchcourtiers began wearing a shorter sword. The court sword,as it was known, turned out to be an excellent weapon forfencing because it was both lighter and stronger than therapier, so it could be used for defense as well as offense. As a result, the modem one-handed fencing techniquedeveloped, with the left hand and arm used primarily forbalance.
A special version of the court sword, the foil, wasdeveloped for practice. Meanwhile, another type of sword,the colichemarde, had been created for duelling. The bladehad a triangular cross-section, with slightly concave sides toreduce weight without reducing strength. The colichemardeevolved into the modem epee.
The third of the fencing weapons, the saber, wasintroduced into Europe in the late 18th century as an ad-aptation of the Turkish scimitar, used by the Hungariancavalry. It was so effective that other armies began usingit and another variation, the cutlass, became a standardnaval weapon.
法国国王路易十四统治时期，由于衣着时尚的变化，一种新型剑产生了。无刃轻剑无法与当时流行的织锦夹克、马裤和丝袜相配，干是法国的宫廷朝臣们开始佩戴一种更为短小的剑。结果这种被称为宫廷剑的武器成为击剑用的绝佳选择，因为它与无刃轻剑相比又轻巧又结实，既可以用来进攻也可以用来防御。由于它的出现，现代单手击剑技术得以发展，左手和左臂主要用来保持平衡。
人们开发出宫廷剑的一种特殊样式——花剑一一用来练习。同时，另一种类型的剑——克里西马德剑——作为决斗武器出现了。其剑刃的横截而呈三角形，侧面向内略微凹进以减轻重量，但攻击力度并未减弱。克里西马德剑后来演变成现代的重剑。
击剑武器的第三种——佩剑——于18世纪末传人欧洲，它的前身是土耳其弯刀，当时为匈牙利骑兵使用。由于这种剑的杀伤力非常大，其他国家的部队也开始大量使用此种武器。而它的另一种变体——短弯刀——则成为海军配备的标准武器。
Romankov is almost as famous for hislong competitive career as he is for his results.When older fencers ask themselves if they canstill be relevant to International fencing intheir thirties, forties and fifties, Romankov'sname invariably floats to the top with aresounding Yes!
Born July llth, 1953 in the city ofKorsakov, Belarussia, Romankov medaled forthe Soviet Union at five World Championshipsand three Olympics. He won his final OlympicBronze in 1988, at 35 years old--an "old man"in Olympic history.
There's a simple reason for Romankov'slong competitive career--and for why thesport of fencing rewards age in general.Fencing is a combat sport, and in combat, witis as important as energy. Every erg of athleticenergy is matched by an equal expenditure ofbrainpower.
In fencing, the combat interface is verydirect-blade-to-blade. When you cross bladeswith an opponent whose only goal is to sendyou home, you feel every twitch of musclethrough the steel.
每一项运动都有它的超级英雄，击剑也不例外。有一位击剑英雄被很多人认为是过去100年里最伟大的击剑手之一——他就是罗曼科夫。
罗曼科夫能获得这样的声望不仅是因为他取得过辉煌的战果，也是因为他拥有漫长的职业生涯。当一些年龄偏大的击剑运动员怀疑自己到了三十多、四十多和五十多岁时是否还能在国际赛场上有所作为的时候，罗曼科夫的名字总会浮现在他们的脑海中，为他们做出坚定响亮的回答——能!
罗曼科夫于1953年7月11日出生在白俄罗斯的科尔萨科夫。他曾代表苏联在五届世锦赛和三届奥运会上获得奖牌。1988年，他在35岁时赢得了最后一块奥运铜牌——在奥运会历史上这个年龄可以算得上“高龄”了。
罗曼科夫成为剑坛“长青树”的原因很简单，其实这也是为何击剑运动一般更适合年龄大的人的原因：因为击剑是一种格斗运动，而在格斗中，机智和体力同等重要。(在此运动中)消耗的每一分体能都要求等量的脑力与之配合。
在击剑中，打斗以短兵相接的方式进行——剑锋与剑锋相搏。当你与对手交锋时，对手唯一的目标就是打败你，通过钢制的剑身你能感受到对手肌肉的每一次颤动。
Romankov is a master of sending the wrong signalsdown the blade. Using body language and fearsomelyperfect hand-technique, Romankov exploits his nervousopponents' twitch factor, "opening them up" on-targethits.
Miscommunication is only one of Romankov'sweapons. His sense of distance, his footwork and fencinghand caused a whole generation of fencers to "go Russian"and adopt Russian techniques. Romankov is able to meetthe trickiest attacks with solid blocks--his hand seemsomniscient. He then lances forward with small tipmovements that easily evade his opponent's attempts todefend. At times, it seemed like he was giving his world-class competitors fencing lessons.
In the final analysis, Romankov dominated the fencingworld with technique, honed in his youth through unendingdaily practices with his coach father. His finesse imparts acalm precision that allows his every fantastic improvisation5to succeed.
Today, Romankov is a highly-sought fencing coachwho competes for pleasure. In 2000, he was employed bythe Australian Fencing Federation to improve the Australianteam before the Sydney Olympics. He gives numerousworkshops and training camps, in America and abroad.
罗曼科夫是通过剑锋向对手传递虚假信号的大师。通过运用灵活的肢体语言和完美得令人生畏的手上技巧，罗曼科夫能够抓住紧张的对 手的“颤动反应”，让他们因为错误判断而暴露破绽，进而乘虚而入。
传递虚假信号只是罗曼科夫制胜武器中的一种。他对距离的直觉、他的步法和手上动作曾令整整一代的击剑运动员“走俄罗斯人的路线”并采纳俄罗斯人的击剑技巧。即使面对最棘手的攻击，罗曼科夫的防御也是牢不可破的——他的手似乎无所不知。快速进攻的时候，他使用的小幅剑尖动作往往令对手防不胜防。有时，他看起来就像在给他的世界界级对手上击剑课。
总而言之，罗曼科夫凭借出色的技术称霸剑坛。年轻的时候，他的父亲兼教练每日让他无休止地练习，从而练就了如此精湛的技术。正是这种精湛的技术才使他在比赛中能够沉着冷静，动作精准，因此他的每一个绝妙的即兴动作都能够成功。
如今，罗曼科夫是一位抢手的击剑教练，参加比赛成了他的业余乐趣。2000年的时候，澳大利亚击剑协会在悉尼奥运会之前曾聘请他为澳大利亚击剑队作指导，希望以此提高全队的水平。他还在美国和其他国家开办了众多的学习班和训练营。
击剑运动运动简史
Fencing originated as the practice of swordsmanship to prepare men for duels andwarfare. A fencing match is depicted on an Egyptian temple that dates to about 1190B.C. and the ancient Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and Romans all had some form offencing.
The use of armor during the Middle Ages made swordsmanship virtually obsolete2.The broadsword was used against armor, but only as a crude hacking device requiringsheer strength rather than skill.
By making armor obsolete, the development of firearms ironically brought swordplayback into prominence during the 15th century. Soldiers once again had to acquire someskill with the sword, and fencing also emerged as a pastime for gentlemen. Fencingmasters organized guilds, which taught various moves to initiates while protecting themas trade secrets from outsiders .
The swords of that period were rather heavy, and cutting the opponent with the edgewas emphasized. Further, since the sword was frequently a weapon of defense againstthieves, tactics included wrestling holds and tricks designed to disarm the opponent to sethim up for the killing blow.
Fencing as an exercise based on speed and skill began when the longer, lighte.r rapierwas developed in Italy during the 16th century. Because of the rapier's length, opponentshad to fight at a distance and quick but controlled lunges, attacking the enemy with thepoint of the sword, replaced cruder hacking techniques. But the rapier wasn't a gooddefensive weapon, so the fencer often had to use his gauntleted left hand to parry hisopponent's thrusts.
击剑起源于训练男性参加决斗和战争的剑术练习。一座可以追溯到公元前1190年的埃及神庙的壁画上绘有击剑比赛的图案。古代巴比伦人、希腊人、波斯人和罗马人也都曾进行过某种形式的击剑运动。
中世纪时期，盔甲的使用让剑术几乎无用武之地。虽然有攻击盔甲用的大砍刀，但那只是粗糙的劈砍武器，只需要蛮力却不需要技巧。
15世纪火枪的出现使盔甲遭到淘汰，这也戏剧性地使得剑术再度辉煌。学会用剑的技能又一次成为士兵们的必修课，而击剑同时也成为绅士们的一种消遣活动。剑术大师们组织了一些行会，向入会者传授各种击剑动作，同时把这些动作视为行业秘密而加以保护，以防外人知道。
那个时期的剑比较重，人们偏重于用剑刃砍伤对手。而且，因为剑常被用作防御盗贼的武器，其战术也包括一些摔跤手法，以及试图夺下对手武器进而致人于死地的招数。
16世纪，意大利发展出了更长、更轻的无刃剑，击剑开始正式成为一种以速度和技巧为基础的运动形式。由于无刃轻剑较长，较量双方必须在一定的距离之外比试，用剑尖快速而有控制地进行袭击的技术取代了简单的劈砍技术。但是无刃轻剑并不是出色的防御武器，所以击剑手通常需要用戴手套的左手挡开对手的攻击。
Under Louis XIV in France, a change in fashion led toa new kind of sword. The rapier simply didn't go well withbrocaded jackets, breeches, and silk stockings, so Frenchcourtiers began wearing a shorter sword. The court sword,as it was known, turned out to be an excellent weapon forfencing because it was both lighter and stronger than therapier, so it could be used for defense as well as offense. As a result, the modem one-handed fencing techniquedeveloped, with the left hand and arm used primarily forbalance.
A special version of the court sword, the foil, wasdeveloped for practice. Meanwhile, another type of sword,the colichemarde, had been created for duelling. The bladehad a triangular cross-section, with slightly concave sides toreduce weight without reducing strength. The colichemardeevolved into the modem epee.
The third of the fencing weapons, the saber, wasintroduced into Europe in the late 18th century as an ad-aptation of the Turkish scimitar, used by the Hungariancavalry. It was so effective that other armies began usingit and another variation, the cutlass, became a standardnaval weapon.
法国国王路易十四统治时期，由于衣着时尚的变化，一种新型剑产生了。无刃轻剑无法与当时流行的织锦夹克、马裤和丝袜相配，干是法国的宫廷朝臣们开始佩戴一种更为短小的剑。结果这种被称为宫廷剑的武器成为击剑用的绝佳选择，因为它与无刃轻剑相比又轻巧又结实，既可以用来进攻也可以用来防御。由于它的出现，现代单手击剑技术得以发展，左手和左臂主要用来保持平衡。
人们开发出宫廷剑的一种特殊样式——花剑一一用来练习。同时，另一种类型的剑——克里西马德剑——作为决斗武器出现了。其剑刃的横截而呈三角形，侧面向内略微凹进以减轻重量，但攻击力度并未减弱。克里西马德剑后来演变成现代的重剑。
击剑武器的第三种——佩剑——于18世纪末传人欧洲，它的前身是土耳其弯刀，当时为匈牙利骑兵使用。由于这种剑的杀伤力非常大，其他国家的部队也开始大量使用此种武器。而它的另一种变体——短弯刀——则成为海军配备的标准武器。