In order to protect the protect the unique germplasm resources of China and to promote the development of G. sinense industry, the biological characteristics, active nutritional compositions, pharmacological action, production and industrialization of G. sinense mycelium, fruiting body and variety were reviewed in this research based on relevant literatures. The main problems in the research of G. sinense were discussed. There were few reports on the investigation and collection of G. sinense germplasm resources and the breeding of high-quality strains. In-depth researches on the cultivation and fermentation technologies of G. sinense were lacked. Based on these, researches on G. sinense should be carried out in the aspects of germplasm resources, strain breeding, production technology, active component analysis, and pharmacological efficacy components, so as to protect the unique germplasm resources of China and to promote the development of G. sinense industry. In order to protect the protect the unique germplasm resources of China and to promote the development of G. sinense industry, the biological characteristics, active nutritional compositions, pharmacological action, production and industrialization of G. sinense mycelium, fruiting body and variety were reviewed in this research based on relevant literatures. The main problems in the research of G. sinense were discussed. There were few reports on the investigation and collection of G. sinense germplasm resources and the breeding of high-quality strains. In-depth researches on the cultivation and fermentation technologies of G. sinense were lacked. Based on these, researches on G. sinense should be carried out in the aspects of germplasm resources, strain breeding, production technology, active component analysis, and pharmacological efficacy components, so as to protect the unique germplasm resources of China and to promote the development of G. sinense industry.