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采用微卫星标记技术,探讨了广西右江、左江及红水河三江段野生大眼鳜群体的遗传多样性。采用生物信息学方法,自主开发了4对大眼鳜微卫星DNA引物,此外,还从28对鳜属微卫星通用引物中筛选出15对,19对标记均表现为高度多态性。对32尾右江(YJ)、35尾左江(ZJ)及36尾红水河(HSH)三地理群体野生大眼鳜进行遗传多样性分析,总群体的固定指数Fix范围为0.001 4~1.000,表明19个位点在总群体内表现为杂合子缺失,其对环境的应对能力有所下降。遗传参数统计结果表明,总群体观测等位基因数(Na=19.4737)、香农指数(I=2.399 8)、平均杂合度(Ave Het=0.720 6)、多态信息含量(0.447群体间近交系数Fst=0.153 9<0.25),15.39%的遗传变异来自于群体间,84.61%的遗传变异来自于群体内,群体内近交系数Fis为0.576 1,各座位的基因流Nm分布范围较广(0.147 4~8.909 1),平均Nm值为1.374 5,表明3群体间属于中等遗传分化水平,基因流基本顺畅,群体内的近交系数较高,容易引起遗传结构的变化。基于Nei’s遗传距离的聚类分析显示左江群体与右江群体首先聚为一支,再与红水河聚为一支,符合其在地理位置上的关系。
Microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of wild Macaca fasciculata populations in Youjiang, Zuojiang and Sanjiang sections of Hongshui River. Four pairs of Microsatellite DNA primers were developed by bioinformatics methods. In addition, 15 pairs of microsatellite primers were screened out from 28 pairs of microsatellites, and 19 pairs of microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic. Genetic diversity was analyzed in 32 geographically wild populations of Yij, 35 Zuojiang (ZJ) and 36 Hongshuihe (HSH) geographies, and the Fix range for the total population ranged from 0.001 4 to 1.000 , Indicating that 19 loci showed heterozygous deletions in the total population and their ability to respond to the environment decreased. The statistical results of genetic parameters showed that the total number of alleles observed in the population (Na = 19.4737), Shannon index (I = 2.399 8), average heterozygosity (Ave Het = 0.720 6), polymorphism information content (0.447 Fst = 0.153 9 <0.25), 15.39% of the genetic variation came from the population, 84.61% of the genetic variation came from within the population, and the inbreeding coefficient Fis was 0.576 1. The distribution of gene flow Nm of each locus was wide (0.147 4 ~ 8.909 1) with an average Nm value of 1.374 5, indicating that the three populations belonged to moderate genetic differentiation and the gene flow was basically smooth. The inbreeding coefficient High, easily lead to changes in genetic structure. Cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that Zuojiang population and Youjiang population first clustered together, and then clustered together with Hongshui River, which accorded with its geographical location.