中国自封建社会以来,尤其汉武帝之后,文化领导权掌握在以儒家为正统的知识分子士大夫手中。这样一个权力系统,到近代由于西方资本主义文明的进入与冲击而崩溃,其文化有效性丧失殆尽,19世纪末20世纪初,中国实际上面临着文化领导权的真空。 Since the feudal society in China, especially after the Han Emperor Wu, the cultural leadership lies in the hands of the intellectuals with Confucianism being orthodox intellectuals. Such a system of power, which had collapsed in modern times due to the entry and impact of Western capitalist civilizations, had lost its cultural effectiveness. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, China actually faced a vacuum of cultural leadership.