本文首先依据公共产品理论及福利国家理论分析政府财政支持养老保险制度的理论依据,根据家庭代际养老、个人储蓄养老及市场商业养老的缺陷阐述政府财政支持养老保险的现实依据;其次,在理论分析的基础上,运用柯布道格拉斯生产函数对近20年的财政养老保险支出进行分析,得出我国养老保险最优的财政支出规模应为财政支出总额的11.35%,而目前的实际支出水平仅为5%~6%之间,财政支出水平明显偏低;最后从明确政府财政责任、扩大养老保险覆盖面、拓宽资金来源渠道等方面提出了增加我国基本养老保险财政支出水平的对策建议。 Based on the theory of public goods and welfare state, this paper analyzes the theoretical basis of government financial support for pension insurance system, and expounds the actual basis of government financial support for pension insurance according to the defects of family intergenerational pension, personal savings pension and market commercial pension. Secondly, Based on the analysis, the Cobb Douglas production function is used to analyze the financial endowment insurance expenditure over the past 20 years. The conclusion shows that the optimal pension expenditure in our country should be 11.35% of the total financial expenditure, while the current actual expenditure level is only And the level of financial expenditure is obviously low. Finally, some countermeasures are put forward to increase the level of financial expenditure of China’s basic old-age insurance by clarifying the government’s financial responsibilities, expanding the coverage of pension insurance and broadening the sources of funds.