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目的探讨脑电图(electroencephalographic,EEG)对乙型脑炎的临床诊断价值。方法收集62例确诊为乙型脑炎患者的EEG、CT和MRI检查结果,分别于入院后1个月、3个月进行随访,分析EEG特征及其与影像学、预后的关系。结果 62例EEG检查异常率为100%,发现2种类型的异常表现:弥散持续性δ波、棘波或尖波的癫样波。EEG与MRI、CT异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.37,P=0.02;χ2=23.15,P<0.01)。62例中8例死于乙型脑炎急性期,10例失访。EEG异常类型与预后无相关性(P=0.75)。结论乙型脑炎EEG与预后没有关联性,但作为一种辅助检查,在乙型脑炎的早期发现和提供诊断依据等方面有着重要的作用。
Objective To investigate the clinical value of electroencephalographic (EEG) in the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis. Methods The results of EEG, CT and MRI were collected in 62 patients diagnosed as Japanese encephalitis. The patients were followed up at 1 month and 3 months after admission respectively. The characteristics of EEG and its relationship with the imaging and prognosis were analyzed. Results The abnormal rate of EEG examination in 62 cases was 100%. Two types of abnormalities were found: diffuse persistent epilepsy with δ wave, spike wave or spike wave. EEG and MRI, CT anomaly detection rate, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.37, P = 0.02; χ2 = 23.15, P <0.01). Of the 62 cases, 8 died of acute encephalitis and 10 lost. There was no correlation between EEG abnormalities and prognosis (P = 0.75). Conclusion EEG of Japanese encephalitis has no correlation with prognosis, but as an auxiliary examination, it plays an important role in early detection of encephalitis B and providing diagnostic evidence.