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目的分析了解保定市2013-2014年麻疹流行病学特征与消除麻疹进展,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法利用麻疹监测信息管理报告系统的数据,对保定市2013-2014年麻疹流行特征及为消除麻疹所采取的措施进行描述性流行病学分析。结果保定市2011-2012年麻疹疫情防控取得了麻疹专项监测以来的最好成绩,发病率分别为0.07/10万、0.04/10万;2013-2014年疫情出现反弹,麻疹发病率呈上升趋势,分别为0.45/10万、3.98/10万,2013年比2012年上升10.50倍,2014年比2013年上升7.94倍。2013年3~5月、2014年1~5月为发病高峰,其中2014年2月发病数为全年峰值;地区分布主要集中在保定市区以北、总人口在50万以上的县(涿州市、定兴县、徐水县、易县);年龄主要集中在2岁以下和20~岁组人群,分别占2013-2014年总病例数的50.54%、44.23%,其中<8月龄、8月龄~2岁组分别占总病例数的27.02%、23.53%。2013-2014年8月龄~14岁组麻疹病例65.00%无麻疹疫苗(Measles-containing Vacine,MCV)免疫史,其中8月龄79.31%接种不及时。结论保定市消除麻疹工作取得了明显进展,但免疫人群仍存在免疫空白和及时率低等问题。有效控制麻疹疫情,推进消除麻疹进程,必须认真贯彻落实消除麻疹所制定的各项防控措施;并关注小年龄组和成人易感者在麻疹病毒传播中的作用,探讨针对性的防控策略和措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2013-2014 in Baoding city and to eliminate the progress of measles and to provide a scientific basis for the elimination of measles. Methods Based on the data of measles surveillance information management reporting system, the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Baoding city from 2013 to 2014 and the measures taken to eliminate them were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results The measles epidemic prevention and control in Baoding from 2011 to 2012 achieved the best results since measles surveillance. The incidence rates were 0.07 / 100000 and 0.04 / 100000 respectively. In 2013-2014, the epidemic rebounded and the incidence of measles was on the rise Respectively, 0.45 / 100,000 and 3.98 / 100,000 respectively, up by 10.50 times in 2013 and 7.94 times in 2014 compared with 2013. From March to May 2013, the peak incidence was from January to May 2014, of which the incidence in February 2014 was the peak value of the whole year; the distribution mainly concentrated in the north of Baoding city with a total population of 500,000 or more (Danzhou City, Dingxing County, Xushui County and Yixian County). The age groups mainly focused on people below 2 years old and 20 to 20 years old groups, accounting for 50.54% and 44.23% of the total number of cases in 2013-2014 respectively, of which, <8 months old, The age of 8 months to 2 years old accounted for 27.02% and 23.53% of the total cases respectively. Measles-containing Vacine (MCV) immunization history was 65.00% between August and 14-year-old in 2013-2014, of which 79.31% at 8 months of age was not inoculated timely. Conclusion Significant progress has been made in the elimination of measles in Baoding City. However, immunization gaps still exist in immunization gaps and in timeliness. To effectively control the epidemic situation of measles and promote the elimination of measles, we must conscientiously implement the prevention and control measures formulated to eliminate measles. We also pay attention to the role of measles virus transmission in the younger age group and adult susceptible persons, and explore targeted prevention and control strategies And measures.