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目的研究并分析喂养行为干预对超重或肥胖学龄前儿童生长发育的影响。方法选取2014年4月-2015年6月于该院儿童保健门诊接受健康体检并诊断为超重或肥胖的学龄前儿童140例。采用问卷调查的方式明确患儿的年龄、身高、体重等情况,并综合上述资料给予喂养行为干预指导。分别对比干预前后患儿的生长速率、营养状况、相关行为变化情况及患儿家长肥胖知识知晓率。结果干预后患儿的体重生长速率为(0.4±0.2)kg/月,显著低于干预前的(0.6±0.3)kg/月,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预后肥胖、超重人数占比分别为30.00%、32.86%,均显著低于干预前的46.43%、53.57%,而正常体重人数占比为37.14%,干预前为0,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预后患儿自觉减少食物摄入、自觉放慢吃饭速度以及合理运动人数占比均显著高于干预前(均P<0.05)。干预后患儿家长肥胖危害、肥胖危险因素、肥胖防治对策相关知识知晓率均显著高于干预前(均P<0.05)。结论喂养行为干预可有效促进学龄前儿童的身高与体重均衡发展,同时改善相应行为,并提高家长的肥胖相关知识知晓率。
Objective To study and analyze the effects of feeding behavior intervention on the growth and development of overweight or obese preschool children. Methods A total of 140 preschoolers were enrolled in the Child Health Clinic of the hospital from April 2014 to June 2015 and were diagnosed as overweight or obese. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the age, height and weight of infants, and to give guidance on feeding behavior intervention based on the above data. The growth rate, nutritional status and related behavioral changes of children before and after the intervention were compared respectively, and the awareness rate of obesity among parents was compared. Results The body weight growth rate was (0.4 ± 0.2) kg / month after intervention, significantly lower than that before intervention (0.6 ± 0.3) kg / month. The difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05). After intervention, the number of overweight and overweight accounted for 30.00% and 32.86% respectively, which were significantly lower than 46.43% and 53.57% before intervention, respectively, while the proportion of normal weight was 37.14% and 0 before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (All P <0.05). After intervention, children consciously reduce food intake, consciously slow down the rate of eating and the number of reasonable exercise were significantly higher than before intervention (all P <0.05). After intervention, the awareness rate of obesity risk, risk factors of obesity and related knowledge of obesity prevention and control measures in parents was significantly higher than that before intervention (all P <0.05). Conclusion Feeding behavior intervention can effectively promote the balanced development of height and weight of preschool children, improve the corresponding behavior and raise the awareness rate of obesity related knowledge.